人体颊黏膜细胞彗星实验方法学研究

为探索一种简便、直接检测环境诱变物对人体靶细胞遗传毒性的方法,笔者以甲醛作为染毒剂,对人体口腔颊黏膜细胞彗星实验的染毒时间、染毒温度和2种用于检测交联作用的方案进行了研究。结果显示:经7 5μmol L甲醛37℃染毒30和60min后,DNA的断裂程度较染毒15min更大;而经该浓度甲醛在4,23和37℃下染毒30min后均可引起DNA的断裂,但37℃下染毒对DNA的断裂作用更大。在2种应用于检测交联作用的方案中,加大电泳条件的交联检测方案还可检测兼具交联和断裂效应的诱变物。      

Effects of plant species coexistence on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial community structure under Cd and Pb combined pollution

The relationship between plant species coexistence and soil microbial communities under heavy metal pollution has attracted much attention in ecology. However, whether plant species coexistence could o set the impacts of heavy metal combined pollution on soil microbial community structure and soil enzymes activities is not well studied. The modified ecological dose model and PCR-RAPD method were used to assess the e ects of two plant species coexistence on soil microbial community and enzymes activities subjected to Cd and Pb combined stress. The results indicated that monoculture and mixed culture would increased microbe populations under Cd and Pb combined stress, and the order of sensitivity of microbial community responding to heavy metal stress was: actinomycetes > bacteria > fungi. The respirations were significantly higher in planted soil than that in unplanted soil. The plant species coexistence could enhance soil enzyme activities under Cd and Pb combined. Furthermore, planted soil would be helpful to enhance soil genetic polymorphisms, but Cd and Pb pollution would cause a decrease on soil genetic polymorphisms. Mixed culture would increase the ecological dose 50% (ED50) values, and the ED50 values for soil enzyme activities decreased with increasing culture time. The dehydrogenase was most sensitive to metal addition and easily loses activity under low dose of heavy metal. However, it was di cult to fully inhibit the phoshpatase activity, and urease responded similarly with phosphatase.     

湖泊沉积物古DNA揭示气候环境变化和生态演化

广泛分布的湖泊为连续沉积和保存历史时期多样化生物核酸分子提供了绝佳的自然档案。随着近年来古DNA提取和测序技术的进步以及组学技术的发展,利用湖泊沉积物古DNA重建古生态演化及其对气候变化和人类活动的差异性响应得到广泛而深入的研究。本文回顾了古DNA研究的历史背景、理论基础,以及湖泊沉积物古DNA保存的影响因素和生物信息学分析流程;重点评述了湖泊沉积物古DNA在揭示气候环境变化、生物多样性及流域生态系统演化、物种定殖与外来物种入侵、人类活动影响、环境生态功能基因演化及其在细胞器基因组和古生态时间序列分析研究中的诸多应用和进展。同时还介绍了当前研究面临的局限和挑战以及组学技术在古DNA研究中的发展概况,分析了当前研究尚存的不足,并展望了未来可能的努力方向。     

分层型水库藻类季相演替的细菌种群驱动机制

浮游藻类和水体中的细菌是水生食物网的组成部分,在淡水生态系统的结构和功能中发挥着关键作用.然而,对于水库当中藻类和细菌群落如何互作及其对变化的环境条件的响应研究却较少.本文以李家河水库为研究对象,采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术和共生网络分析方法,分析了藻类种群时空演替与细菌群落的生态互作关系.结果表明,在藻类群落结...     

瓯江源头区龙泉溪底栖大型无脊椎动物多样性和群落特征

源头区溪流是河流生态系统最脆弱的部分,也是淡水底栖大型无脊椎动物(简称底栖动物)集中分布的热点区域,在流域物种库的形成和生态系统的多样性维持过程中具有不可忽视的作用。然而,目前国内对源头区溪流底栖动物多样性的系统调查研究较少。笔者对位于浙江省丽水市瓯江源头区的龙泉溪进行了底栖动物多样性调查研究,分别于2021年丰水期和平水期在覆盖龙泉溪主要山溪河流的18个样点采样,共采集获得底栖动物标本3 700余号。通过联合使用传统形态分类和DNA条形码技术,共鉴定出底栖动物165种,隶属5门、9纲、19目、68科、124属。联合使用DNA条形码可使底栖动物科、种水平的分辨力提升28.3%和34.1%。调查研究表明:龙泉溪底栖动物多样性丰富,物种组成以节肢动物为主(占比高达87.9%,145种),其中水生昆虫占绝大多数(共计8目、48科、140种,占84.8%),主要优势种为鞘翅目的狭溪泥甲属1种Stenelmis sp.1、毛翅目的纹石蛾属Hydorpsyche和短脉纹石蛾属Cheumatopsyche各1种;底栖动物群落多样性丰富,且在丰水期和平水期均维持在较高的水平;海拔和底质类型等微生境条件对底栖动物多样性分布的影响分析显示,底质类型对底栖动物分布密度的影响显著。对水生态状况的生物评估结果显示:Biotic Index污染生物指数更适合龙泉溪流域的水质健康状况评估,龙泉溪流域整体的水生态状况健康,水质属清洁或极清洁。该研究使用传统形态学和DNA条形码技术相结合的鉴定方式,提高了底栖动物物种鉴定的精度,所获得的多样性调查和水质评价结果为瓯江源头区溪流乃至整个流域的生态保护和长期监测提供了本底基础资料。