2株芽孢杆菌利用不同碳源生产絮凝剂的研究

探讨了在纯培养和混合培养的条件下,2株芽孢杆菌F2和F6生产高效絮凝剂过程中对碳源的利用情况.研究表明,多种分子量在200以下的有机物能够作为碳源用于高效絮凝剂的生产,包括:单糖、双糖、醇、有机酸和酯类等,具有一定的普适性.发现利用废糖蜜、生物制氢废液和纤维素糖化液等廉价的生物质废料能够生产出性能良好的生物絮凝剂.     

Combined remediation of DDT congeners and cadmium in soil by Sphingobacterium sp. D-6 and Sedum alfredii Hance

Combined pollution of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils is of great concern because they present serious risk to food security and human health.In order to develop a cost-effective and safe method for the removal of DDTs and Cd in soil,combined remediation of DDTs and Cd in soil by Sphingobacterium sp.D-6 and the hyperaccumulator,Sedum alfredii Hance was investigated.After treatment for 210 days,the degradation half-lives of DDTs in soils treated by strain D-6 decreased by 8.1% to 68.0% compared with those in the controls.The inoculation of strain D-6 into soil decreased the uptake of DDTs by pak choi and S.alfredii.The shoots/roots ratios of S.alfredii for the Cd accumulation ranged from 12.32 to 21.75.The Cd concentration in soil decreased to 65.8%-71.8% for S.alfredii treatment and 14.1%-58.2% for S.alfredii and strain D-6 combined treatment,respectively,compared with that in the control.The population size of the DDTs-degrading strain,Simpson index (1/D) and soil respiratory rate decreased in the early stage of treatment and then gradually increased,ultimately recovering to or exceeding the initial level.The results indicated that synchronous incorporation of strain D-6 and S.alfredii into soil was found to significantly (p 0.05) enhance the degradation of DDTs in soil and the hyperaccumulation of Cd in S.alfredii.It was concluded that strain D-6 and S.alfredii could be used successfully to control DDTs and Cd in contaminated soil.     

两株假单胞菌降解酚类化合物的特性

从焦化废水中分离得到2株可降解对氯酚的假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)CO-1和CO-44.其最适降解温度为35~40℃,最适pH值为6.0~8.0.菌株降解对氯酚的速度与对氯酚初始浓度呈负相关.2株细菌均能较快地降解苯酚和甲酚,其中CO-1还能够降解1-萘酚和萘.在添加对氯酚的焦化废水中,CO-1和CO-44能够在42h内将苯酚、甲酚和对氯酚完全降解.从2株细菌中均检测到了苯酚羟化酶基因,分别从菌株CO-1和CO-44中检测到邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶基因和邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶基因.     

青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)对三种活性染料的吸附和降解

通过14C标记底物的矿化实验发现青霉菌对多聚芳香族化合物有一定降解能力,本研究以3种偶氮和蒽醌型活性染料为作用底物,结果表明,青霉菌G-1 (Penicillium sp.)对染料进行吸附,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,最大理论吸附量(Q_max)可达169.5～243.9mg/g干重,被吸附染料最早在第4d完全脱色降解,有菌丝和去除菌丝的培养液中再次加入染料,均可在20～30h内使染料完全脱色降解.     

A(sⅢ)和A(sⅤ)对小球藻(Chlorella sp).的生长影响研究

砷是广泛存在于自然界中最常见的毒性污染物,包括土壤,沉积物,水体,大气层,甚至生物体,毒性极强。环境中砷的污染严重威胁人类的健康,已被视为一个全球性的公共卫生问题。为了研究砷对小球藻的生长影响,文章通过实验室培养方式,选取了6个不同浓度的As(Ⅲ()0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/L)和As(Ⅴ()1.0、5.0、10.0、20.0、50.0、100.0 mg/L)的培养处理,以在680 nm下小球藻的吸光度(OD680)作为衡量因子,对小球藻Chlorella sp(.100 ai)在不同浓度砷离子的培养液中的细胞密度进行了试验,整个实验共进行了7 d。结果表明,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)浓度分别在10.0 mg/L和20.0 mg/L以上时抑制100 ai细胞生长,导致其密度下降。用概率统计方法计算得到A(sⅢ)对100 ai的96 h半数有效抑制浓度EC50值为25.79 mg/L。参照藻类生长抑制评价标准,A(sⅢ)对100 ai的毒性比A(sⅤ)大。     

1株高效去除氨氮的红假单胞菌的分离鉴定及特性

从云南某一沼泽地中分离筛选出1株可降解氨氮的光合细菌psb1,细胞形态及活细胞特征吸收光谱与红假单胞菌属(Rhodopseudomonas sp.)基本一致.光合细菌16S r DNA特异引物扩增序列比对结果表明,菌株psb1与Rhodopseudomonas sp.同源性达99%,且细菌叶绿素Y亚基的蛋白质序列比对结果表明,菌株psb1与Rhodopseudomonas palustris相似性最大,为99%.但生理生化特征及其主要脂肪酸分析发现菌株psb1与Rhodopseudomonas palustris有较大差异,菌株psb1不能利用葡萄糖和甘露醇等,且含特定脂肪酸C_(18:1ω6c).单一因素实验结果表明:菌株psb1最适生长温度和p H分别为40℃和7.0,最优生长氮源为酵母膏;初始p H为6.0~7.0,30℃条件下厌氧光照培养,投加0.4%的psb1菌剂对模拟废水中氨氮的去除率达99%以上.说明光合细菌psb1为Rhodopseudomonas属的一个新菌,能高效去除氨氮,在景观水体水质调控中具有重要应用前景.     

交流电场与Fusarium sp.A-2耦合对博落回修复铀污染土壤的强化作用

通过盆栽试验研究了交流电场(AC)与Fusarium sp.A-2(A-2)真菌耦合对博落回(P)的生物量、富集铀(U)性能、酶活性以及根际土壤中有机酸含量、生物可利用态铀、根际微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明, 在铀(U)污染土壤中, 与AC+P+U、A-2+P+U和P+U相比, AC+A-2+P+U组博落回的鲜重、株高、总干重分别升高了10.67%~45.76%、26.87%~92.02%和61.99%~159.98%;总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量分别提高了41.24%~133%和15.35%~63.63%;根际土壤中草酸显著增加了13.03%~157.09%;与A-2+P+U和P+U组相比, AC+A-2+P+U组土壤中生物可利用态铀分别提高了12.5%和28.57%.在AC+A-2+P+U组, 植物根际土壤中存在大量的镰刀型菌(Fusarium)真菌属和酸杆菌属(Acidobacteria)等细菌菌属, 且镰刀型菌属(Fusarium)占比最高, 与AC+P+U、A-2+P+U、P+U和A-2+U组相比, Fusarium分别提高了16.67%、81.03%、299.23%和374.47%.AC和A-2耦合强化博落回修复铀污染土壤的可能机理包括AC提高了铀在土壤中的流动性, 增加了植物根部与铀的接触, 促进了铀的富集; AC刺激了博落回的生理活性, 增大了博落回的生物量, 提高了抗氧化酶活性, 使博落回对铀的耐受性增强; AC刺激了A-2真菌和酸杆菌属(Acidobacteria)的生长, 使其比例增大, 从而产生大量的有机酸, 与铀形成螯合物, 降低了铀对植物的胁迫作用, 提高了生物可利用态铀的占比, 促进了博落回对铀的富集.AC与A-2真菌耦合对P修复铀污染土壤有显著的强化作用, 是一种有潜在应用前景的强化方法.     

几种不同杀灭剂对亚历山大藻LC3的灭除研究

为了寻找新型有效的赤潮藻杀灭剂,对辣椒素、过碳酸钠、CuSO4、谷氨酸铜对亚历山大藻LC3的杀灭效果以及表面活性剂对谷氨酸铜杀藻的促进作用进行了研究.辣椒素在较低浓度下(0.1,1.0,10 g/L)对亚历山大藻LC3无明显杀灭作用,达到杀藻的目的所需辣椒素量较大;过碳酸钠对亚历山大藻LC3的杀灭率偏低,这两种物质均不适宜用于赤潮防治.谷氨酸铜可有效杀灭亚历山大藻,其对亚历山大藻LC3的灭杀效率优于CuSO4,优势随时间延长而明显,但其对藻的抑制作用并不随谷氨酸铜的浓度加大而增强.辣椒素、过碳酸钠以及谷氨酸铜用于杀灭亚历山大藻LC3在赤潮防治研究中均为首次报告.HDTMAB可有效促进谷氨酸铜杀灭亚历山大藻LC3,促进作用基本随着HDTMAB浓度的提高而逐步增强.谷氨酸铜和HDTMAB复合剂可有效去除亚历山大藻LC3,在赤潮治理中将具有较好的应用前景.     

香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病防治药剂的筛选

杀菌剂对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的毒力测定筛选结果表明，绿亨一号 多菌灵、五氯硝基苯 多菌灵、多菌灵 普克、敌克松 普克等混配药剂对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的抑制效果最佳，持效期长，可作为防治香蕉枯萎病的土壤消毒剂使用。     

Identification and characterization of integron mediated antibiotic resistance in pentachlorophenol degrading bacterium isolated from the chemostat

A bacterial consortium was developed by continuous enrichment of microbial population isolated from sediment core of pulp and paper mill e uent in mineral salts medium (MSM) supplemented with pentachlorophenol (PCP) as sole source of carbon and energy in the chemostat. The consortia contained three bacterial strains. They were identified as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Acinetobacter sp. readily degraded PCP through the formation of tetrachloro-phydroquinone (TecH), 2-chloro-1,4-benzenediol and products of ortho ring cleavage detected by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Out of the three acclimated PCP degrading bacterial strains only one strain, Acinetobacter sp. showed the presence of integron gene cassette as a marker of its stability and antibiotic resistance. The strain possessed a 4.17 kb amplicon with 22 ORF’s. The plasmid isolated from the Acinetobacter sp. was subjected to shotgun cloning through restriction digestion by BamHI, HindIII and SalI, ligated to pUC19 vector and transformed into E. coli XLBlue1 , and finally selected on MSM containing PCP as sole source of carbon and energy with ampicillin as antibiotic marker. DNA sequence analysis of recombinant clones indicated homology with integron gene cassette and multiple antibiotic resistance genes.