不同载体材料固定化Fusarium. sp修复老化污染土壤中HMW-PAHs的研究

本研究选用玉米、黄瓜和番茄秸秆作为载体材料,固定化PAHs高效降解菌ZH-H_2(Fusarium.sp),通过土壤培养试验对煤矿区农田高环多环芳烃(HMW-PAHs)污染老化土壤进行修复研究.结果表明,土壤培养60 d后,3种材料固定化ZH-H_2处理(Y+B,H+B,X+B)对10种HMW-PAHs总量均有一定的修复效果,其降解率分别为21.65%、16.10%和15.49%,且Y+B处理的修复效果高于其他两种材料处理(p0.05);3种载体材料固定化ZH-H_2对土壤HMW-PAHs不同环数的降解存在一定的差异,其对6环PAHs的修复效果均优于4环和5环;3种材料固定化ZH-H_2对Flt、Pyr、Ba A、Chry、Bb F、Ba P 6种单体的降解也存在明显的不同.对Flt、Pyr、Ba A、Chry、Bb F、Ba P的修复效果表现为Y+B处理显著高于H+B和X+B处理,且Y+B处理中尤其对Bb F(24.20%)、In P(24.24%)的修复效果表现突出;对Bghi P单体的修复效果表现为X+B处理显著高于Y+B和H+B,高达30.95%;3种处理对Bk F、Db A和In P 3种PAHs单体的修复效果无差异显著性.进一步分析与HMW-PAHs降解有关的土壤酶活性发现,土壤木质素过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在3种秸秆材料处理下呈现了较为相似的规律,均表现为Y+B处理下最高,与固定化ZH-H_2对Flt、Pyr、Ba A、Chry、Bb F、Ba P 6种单体PAHs的修复效果规律相一致;而对于多酚氧化酶活性却呈现了相反的规律,表现为Y+B处理下最低的变化特征.综上,对于煤矿区农田污染老化土壤中10种PAHs总量的修复以玉米秸秆作为菌株ZH-H_2的固定化载体材料最为适宜.     

Pantoea sp.IMH介导土壤中砷锑的形态转化

砷(As)、锑(Sb)污染是世界范围内比较严重的环境问题,且经常同时存在.微生物在As、Sb的氧化还原和迁移转化的过程中起着至关重要的作用.As和Sb作为同族元素,具有类似的化学性质和相关的微生物氧化还原机制.然而,砷还原菌株对As、Sb迁移转化机制的研究相对较少,特别是在As、Sb共存的土壤中.本研究的目的是探究含有ars C基因的砷还原菌株Pantoea sp.IMH对土壤中As、Sb的氧化还原和迁移转化.除了接种活细胞的活菌体系和非生物对照组,同时,考虑到自然界中细菌死亡裂解过程,还做了失活死细胞的死菌体系.结果表明,在活菌体系中,溶解态As(Ⅴ)有72.7μg·L~(-1)转化为As(Ⅲ),364.8μg·L~(-1)的溶解态的Sb(Ⅴ)没有还原,表明ars C介导的砷还原菌不能还原Sb(Ⅴ).在死菌体系中,总砷和总锑的含量分别为506.8μg·L~(-1)、821.1μg·L~(-1),是活菌体系(As=155.2μg·L~(-1);Sb=364.8μg·L~(-1))和非生物对照组中(As=57.6μg·L~(-1);Sb=271.1μg·L~(-1))砷锑含量的4倍左右.这可能是死菌体释放的胞内物质促进了砷锑的释放,3个体系中总砷和总锑释放量均显著性相关(P0.05).本研究进一步阐释了微生物对土壤中As和Sb迁移转化的影响.     

Studies on Biodegradation of Nicotine by Arthrobacter sp. Strain HF-2

A nicotine-degrading bacterium, strain HF-2, was isolated from tobacco waste-contaminated soil and identified as a member of Arthrobacter sp. based on morphology, physiological tests, 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic characteristics. At thermal denaturation test indicated that the G + C mol% of strain HF-1 was 63.5. The relationship between the growth of the isolate and the nicotine degradation suggested that strain HF-2 could utilize nicotine as sole sources of carbon, nitrogen and energy. Blue pigment was observed during the nicotine degradation by strain HF-2. The isolate grew well at 20 to 33°C, initial pH 6.5 to 8.0 and 0.5 to 2.0 g L^?1 of nicotine concentration in the nicotine inorganic salt media. The maximum growth and nicotine degradation occurred at 30°C, initial pH 7.0 and 0.7 g·L^?1 of nicotine concentration in media under natural incubation condition. Strain HF-2 could degrade 100% of nicotine under the optimized incubation conditions for 43 h. The concentrations of nicotine were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography. This study demonstrates Arthrobacter sp. strain HF-2 had a great ability to degrade nicotine, and it may be available for the application to the bioremediation of environments contaminated by tobacco waste.     

异养硝化细菌的分离及其硝化特性实验研究

采用将传统微生物学方法与现代分子生物学手段相结合的新型异养硝化细菌的分离筛选方法,从具有80.1%的SND效果的MBR系统中分离筛选出2株异养硝化细菌,通过生理生化实验、16S rDNA的序列分析,认定为属新报道的异养型硝化细菌.通过批式试验考察了分离纯化得到的异养硝化细菌的硝化性能.结果表明,Bacillussp.LY及Brevibacillussp.LY具有异养微生物的性质,在充分利用有机碳进行有氧呼吸的同时还具有较强的硝化及脱氮能力:24d好氧培养后,COD的去除率分别为71.7%及52.6%;氨氮的转化率分别为78.2%及51.2%;总氮的转化率分别为69.2%及35.6%.     

除铬优势菌胞外聚合物的提取过程优化

采用阳离子交换树脂法对除铬(Ⅵ)优势菌(Brevibacillussp.)株的胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取过程进行优化,以得到EPS的最佳提取条件。综合考察树脂量、振摇频率、提取时间3个主要因素对优势菌胞外聚合物的影响。结合阳离子交换树脂对EPS的交换吸附机理,对3个提取条件下,EPS及其成分的提取量的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明,菌株经28℃、150 r/min、24 h培养后,确定阳离子交换树脂法提取优势菌EPS的最佳条件为树脂量30 g,振摇频率140 r/min,提取时间9 h,此条件下的EPS提取量为40.84μg/mL。     

Biosorption of copper(II) from aqueous solutions by pre-treated biomass of marine algae Padina sp

Biosorption of heavy metals can be an effective process for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The biomass of marine algae has been reported to have high uptake capacities for a number of heavy metal ions. In this paper, the adsorption properties of a pre-treated biomass of marine algae Padina sp. for copper(II) were investigated. Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics were obtained from batch adsorption experiments. The biosorption capacities were solution pH dependent and the maximum capacity obtained was 0.80 mmol/g at a solution pH of about 5. The biosorption kinetics was found to be fast, with 90% of adsorption within 15 min and equilibrium reached at 30 min. The effects of light metal ions on copper(II) uptake were studied and the presence of light metal ions did not affect copper(II) uptake significantly. Fixed-bed breakthrough curves for copper(II) removal were also obtained. This study demonstrated that the pre-treated biomass of Padina sp. could be used as an effective biosorbent for the treatment of copper(II) containing wastewater streams.     

丝孢酵母TX1及其固定化降解苯酚特性研究

为研究固定化技术在含酚废水治理中的应用,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为载体将高效降酚菌株丝孢酵母TX1包埋处理得到胶珠颗粒,在分批培养反应器内分别研究游离体系和固定化体系中溶液p H值、培养温度和苯酚初始质量浓度对TX1降解苯酚效果的影响。结果表明,在游离细胞体系TX1对苯酚降解最佳培养条件为温度30℃,p H=7. 0;而固定化体系中的TX1对苯酚降解的最佳条件为温度30℃,p H=6. 5。在偏酸性条件下,游离细胞体系中TX1对苯酚降解效果比固定化体系差,在25～40℃时后者对苯酚的降解能保持50%以上,表明固定化技术有利于提高微生物的耐受温度。两个体系在降解苯酚过程中均受到底物抑制:在低质量浓度时(≤1 000 mg/L),游离细胞降解速率高于固定化细胞,但当苯酚质量浓度高达3 000 mg/L时,固定化体系中TX1对苯酚比降解速率为0. 088 h-1,远高于前者,表明固定化技术有利于实际高浓度废水的处理。此外,利用高效液相色谱和气相色谱-质谱检测苯酚降解中间产物,只在固定化体系中检测到中间产物为邻苯二酚和顺,顺-黏糠酸。该结果表明,降解过程中固定化体系发生的扩散阻力延迟了体系的降解反应,有利于发现中间体,使固定化技术有望成为新的检测中间体的方法。     

集胞藻钙化对Cd胁迫的生理响应

为了研究在藻体钙化情况下Cd对集胞藻的胁迫作用,采用实验室模拟方法,通过不同浓度Ca2 、Cd2 配比下培养基中生物量、光合溶解氧、叶绿素等一系列生理指标的变化来反映钙化条件下Cd2 对集胞藻细胞的胁迫程度.结果显示,钙离子的存在能够使Cd2 对藻细胞的毒害作用减小并保护其受到进一步损害;二因素影响下交互试验,发现Ca2 、Cd2 分别与生物量呈现明显的负相关(|FCa2 |＞F0.05|FCd2 |＞F0.05),两者的交互作用与其呈显著正相关(FCd2 ＞F0.05).SEM和EDS观察到钙化层的产生.这说明重金属Cd对藻体胁迫压力的减小是由于钙化层的保护作用.     

Biosorption of Cu(II) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp. F19

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp. (named MBFF19) with respect to pH, incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ), and biosorbent dose was studied. Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent. The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8. Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min. The correlation coefficient of more than 0.90 turned out that the adsorption process of Cu(Ⅱ) on MBFF19 was in accordance with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The pseudo-first and second order models were applied to examine the kinetics of the adsorption, whereas the latter was found to be in harmony with the kinetic data better. Because of the outstanding uptake capacity of Cu(Ⅱ), MBFF19 produced by Bacillus sp. was proved to be an excellent biosorbent for removing Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions.     

活性污泥中产氨优势菌的分离及温度,pH对其产氨影响

缺氧条件下，从活性污泥中分离到一株兼性厌氧产氨优势菌０８１号，经鉴定暂归黄杆菌属Ｆｌａｖｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｓｐ．，在实验室条件下，它的最适ｐＨ为６．５，ｔ＝２６℃，培养ｔ＝２４ｈ；最适产氨ｐＨ为６．８～８．２，ｔ＝２６～３５℃，产氨时间从培养起第８ｈ至第７２ｈ．