假单胞菌摄磷和释磷条件的研究

考察了碳、硫等物质对废水生物脱磷优势菌假单胞菌磷代谢的影响．结果表明，缺磷环境导致假单胞菌产生过量摄磷现象；假单胞菌无论是经过无碳厌氧、无碳好氧还是无硫厌氧、无硫好氧培养后，转接到富磷培养基内好氧培养时，都产生过量摄磷现象．随着在富磷培养基内的好氧培养时间延长，细菌的摄磷量下降．     

一株高耐铜菌株的分离及特性的研究

为探索去除电镀废水中铜的处理方法 ,更有效地治理含铜废水造成的环境污染。本文采用梯度浓度驯化的方法 ,从自然界筛选了高耐铜的微生物。经鉴定该菌为枝孢霉属 (Cladosporiumsp .) ,它能耐受铜离子的最高浓度为 72 0mg L ,该菌在摇床培养过程中能成菌丝球 ,其最适生长温度为 2 5°C ,最适 pH 5 .0 ,培养时间为 72h ,摇床转速为 15 0r min。用碱进行预处理可提高菌株的吸附量 ,经 0 .2NNaOH预处理过的菌丝球对含 2 0mg L的铜离子进行吸附实验 ,其吸附量可达15 .64mg L。     

Degradation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by an isolated high-efficiency bacterium strain

An aerobic bacterium strain, F-3-4, capable of effectively degrading 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol(2,6-DTBP), was isolated and screened out from an acrylic fiber wastewater and the biofilm in the wastewater treatment facilities. This strain was identified as Alcaligenes sp. through morphological, physiological and biochemical examinations. After cultivation, the strain was enhanced by 26.3% in its degradation capacity for 2,6-DTBP. Results indicated that the strain was able to utilize 2,6-DTBP, lysine, lactamine, citrate, n-utenedioic acid and malic acid as the sole carbon and energy source, alkalinize acetamide, asparagine, L-histidine, acetate, citrate and propionate,but failed to utilize glucose, D-fructose, D-seminose, D-xylose, sedne and phenylalanine as the sole carbon and energy source. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be: temperature 37℃, pH 7.0, inoculum size 0.1% and shaker rotary speed 250 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation kinetics of 2,6-DTBP with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L was studied. Results indicated that 62.4% of 2,6-DTBP was removed after 11 d. The degradation kinetics could be expressed by Eckenfelder equation with a half life of 9.38 d. In addition, the initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP played an important role on the degradation ability of the strain. The maximum initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP was determined to be 200 mg/L. Above this level, the strain was overloaded and exhibited significant inhibition.     

Synthesis of copolyesters containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) units and their susceptibility toPseudomonas sp. lipase

Copolyesters containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) were synthesized from PET and PCL homopolymers by transesterification reaction at 270°C in the presence of catalyst. The copolyesters were characterized by¹³C-NMR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The degradation behavior of PCL byPseudomonas sp. lipase in buffer solution (pH 7) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and¹H-NMR. From these experiments, it was found thatPseudomonas sp. lipase acted endoenzymatically on PCL. Using this lipase, degradation tests for PET/PCL copolyesters whose PCL content was below 50% by weight were also performed in buffer solution (pH 7). However, evenPseudomonas sp. lipase with high degradation activity on PCL did not easily degrade the PCL unit in PET/PCL copolyesters.     

一株产黑褐色色素海洋放线菌的研究

从舟山群岛潮间带海域中分离到一批产色素的海洋放线菌,用滤纸片法进行抑菌试验,并对目标菌株进行鉴定,然后对其所产色素进行粗提,测色素的最大吸收波长,研究理化因子对其影响.结果表明筛选到产黑褐色色素的菌株B2,其对Vibrio parahaemolyticus和Escherichia coli具有较好的抑制作用,色素初步研...     

毒死蜱降解细菌XZ-3的分离及降解特性研究

从某农药厂排污口的污泥中采样,经驯化富集后筛选到1株能高效降解毒死蜱的细菌XZ-3,经过对其形态、生理生化特征及16S rDNA的分析,鉴定该菌株为节杆菌属（Arthrobactersp.）.测定了不同碳源、pH、温度及毒死蜱浓度对细菌降解能力和生长量的影响,以培养液在波长400 nm下的光密度值表示细菌生长量,液体介质中毒死蜱的提取采用漩涡振荡提取法,提取溶剂为石油醚,毒死蜱的测定采用紫外分光光度法.结果表明,该菌株24 h内对100 mg·L^-1毒死蜱的降解率高达86.8%;在外加碳源浓度为0.3%时降解率最大;细菌的生长量随着外加碳源浓度的升高而增加;pH在偏酸和偏碱性的条件下降解率较大,pH 9.0时达到最大,细菌的生长量在pH 8.0～10.0偏碱性的条件下较大;在毒死蜱浓度为100　mg·L^-1时降解率最大,该菌具有较强的抗药性,当毒死蜱浓度达到1?000　mg·L^-1时仍能生长,细菌的生长量在800　mg·L^-1时达到最大,绝对去除量随毒死蜱浓度的提高而增加;细菌的生长和降解需要适宜的温度,30℃培养时,降解率和生长量最大.本研究提出了细菌XZ-3生长和降解毒死蜱的最佳培养条件,可为农药污染治理及生产污水处理提供理论依据.     

Rhodococcus sp.BX2菌对乙腈的降解特性及降解途径研究

对Rhodococcus sp.BX2菌降解乙腈的特性及其降解途径进行了研究.结果显示,在底物浓度为800mg·L-1,接种量为1.0%,培养温度为35℃,环境pH为7.5的条件下,16h时Rhodococcus sp.BX2菌对乙腈的降解率为95.98%;添加葡萄糖可在培养初期加快Rhodococcus sp.BX2菌的生长和对乙腈的降解,蔗糖、乙酰胺和尿素对其影响不大.将BX2菌接种到含有高乙腈浓度(25000mg·L-1)的合成废水中,培养180h后,乙腈降解率可达88.59%.在催化反应60min后,Rhodococcus sp.BX2腈水合酶与腈水解酶的总酶活可达到422.81U·mL-1,对其相关基因序列的分析结果表明,Rhodococcus sp.BX2中同时存在腈水解酶基因和腈水合酶基因,因此,确定乙腈的降解主要由腈水合酶途径完成,可能同时存在腈水解酶的降解途径.     

等鞭金藻的电转化体系

以等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sp.CCMM5001)为材料,探索了影响其电转化的主要因素,建立了等鞭金藻电转化体系。结果表明,真空抽滤法收集藻体获得的细胞存活率明显高于离心收集法;藻体收集的最适缓冲液为1.0 mmol/L HEPES(pH7.5)(含0.5 mol/L蔗糖);相同电场强度下,对数早期的藻细胞存活率最高,早、中、晚期的半致死电场强度分别为0.82～1.63 kV/cm、0.79～1.34 kV/cm、0.54～1.18 kV/cm;最佳脉冲时间为5 ms;冰浴时间为10 min。通过电击转化法向球等鞭金藻中导入质粒pCAMBIA2301,并对转基因球等鞭金藻进行GUS组织化学染色和GUS荧光定量分析,检测pCaMV 35S启动下的GUS报告基因的表达。得到转基因球等鞭金藻的GUS活性为0.52 nmolMU/(min.mg)。通过PCR方法检测固体平板上的单藻落,结果显示转化藻株能够检测到nptII基因。本研究建立了等鞭金藻的电转化体系,为外源基因的导入及其功能的研究奠定了基础。     

Alcaligenes sp.S-XJ-1利用废弃柴油合成生物破乳剂的研究

生物破乳剂是一种用于油水分离的新型破乳剂.采用废弃柴油培养生物破乳剂产生菌Alcaligenes sp.S-XJ-1,培养7 d,菌株干重最高可达2.0 g/L,10 g/L的菌株细胞悬液能够将水表面张力从72.0 mN/m降低到29.7 mN/m.生物破乳剂产量为0.3 g/L,其CMC为150 mg/L,表面活性优于化学表面活性剂SDS,且对W/O模型乳状液的破乳效果在70%以上.废弃柴油GC-MS测试结果表明,S-XJ-1菌株能够利用废弃柴油中的C14～C20正构烷烃,且C20正构烷烃几乎被完全利用,其利用率高达99%.S-XJ-1菌株对不同碳链长度正构烷烃复配碳源的利用率及破乳性能随着碳链长度的延长而逐渐增加.与其他正构烷烃复配碳源相比,S-XJ-1菌株对C20正构烷烃利用率最高,合成破乳剂的性能最好,且与废弃柴油研究结果最为接近.TLC和FTIR分析表明S-XJ-1菌株利用废弃柴油合成的生物破乳剂为脂肽类物质.     

一株耐盐原油降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

通过对一株新分离到的耐盐原油降解菌进行形态学观察和生理生化鉴定,确定该菌株为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp).并对其生长特性和降解特性做了初步研究,确定了该菌株降解原油的最适条件为:原油的质量浓度为0.5 g/L、NaCl的质量浓度为30 g/L、pH值为8、温度30℃、摇床转速140 r/min、接种量为3%.在最适条件下,经过5 d的培养,原油的降解率为68%.实验结果表明该菌株治理海洋石油污染的应用前景较大.