大窑湾海域虾夷扇贝体内麻痹性贝毒的周年变化

麻痹性贝毒是对人体健康构成严重危害的甲藻类毒素。2007～2008年,大窑湾虾夷扇贝体内麻痹性贝毒2周年的调查发现,其含量与组分有着明显的季节变化,4-7月份麻痹性贝毒含量较高,4月份最高,平均含量可达378.32μg STXeq/100 g,有C1、C2、GTX1、GTX2、GTX3、GTX5、dcGTX2、dcGTX3、neoSTX、STX等10种毒素组分。大窑湾虾夷扇贝体内麻痹行贝毒组分显著增多,含量明显增高。     

大连小窑湾海域表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价

基于2009年在大连小窑湾海域表层沉积物中的重金属监测数据,采用Hakanson生态风险指数法对湾内沉积物中的重金属的潜在生态风险进行了分析和评价,并对结果进行了地理空间表达,结果表明:调查研究海域的潜在生态风险较低,该海域的沉积物重金属潜在的生态风险因子为Cd和Hg。     

胶州湾及邻近海域表层海水中一氧化氮浓度分布及其影响因素探讨

2011年2～3月利用化学发光法对胶州湾及邻近海域表层海水中一氧化氮(NO)浓度进行了监测.结合水文、化学和生物等要素的同步观测资料,对该海域NO浓度分布及其影响因素进行了探讨.结果表明,胶州湾内表层海水中NO浓度为0.080～0.493 nmol.L-1,平均值为(0.292±0.146)nmol.L-1,胶州湾外NO浓度为未检出～0.435 nmol.L-1,平均值为(0.160±0.130)nmol.L-1.总体来说,胶州湾表层海水中NO浓度呈现出自湾内向湾外递降的分布趋势,陆地径流和人为活动可能对NO浓度的分布造成一定程度的影响.胶州湾及邻近海域表层海水中NO浓度比开阔大洋高1个数量级.周日变化研究表明,NO浓度具有一定的变化特征,最大值出现在15:00,这可能主要受光照的影响.影响NO浓度分布的因素比较复杂,可能主要受亚硝酸盐、光强和pH等因素的影响.结果表明,2011年春季胶州湾及邻近海域表层海水是大气NO的源,通量约为1.09×10-15 mol.(cm2.s)-1.     

Tween20对DDT在胶州湾沉积物上吸附行为的影响

研究了非离子表面活性剂失水山梨醇聚氧乙烯（20）醚月桂酸酯（Tween20）对二氯二苯基三氯乙烷（滴滴涕,DDT）在海洋沉积物上吸附动力学和热力学行为的影响.在实验浓度范围内,Tween20的加入能够加快DDT在沉积物上的吸附速率,吸附符合伪二级吸附速率方程,吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温式,吸附作用随着Twe...     

海州湾表层沉积物重金属的来源特征及风险评价

根据2009年12月海州湾海域17个站位的环境调查资料,通过地统计学方法分析表层沉积物中6种重金属(Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn)的来源特征,采用潜在生态风险指数法进行重金属风险评价.结果表明,重金属分布格局整体呈西南高东北低、随离岸距离增大而减小的趋势;陆源污染输入是海州湾海域重金属的重要污染来源;有机碳含量、底质粒径和硫化物是影响重金属含量及其分布的重要因素;风险评价显示海州湾沉积物重金属总体处于中等生态风险状况,风险相对较高主要分布在龙王河口到临洪河口的近岸海域,潜在生态风险指数Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn,Cd是主要的生态风险贡献因子.     

海州湾海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放对营养盐的影响

为了解海州湾海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放对营养盐的影响,基于2008—2015年间共24个航次水质调查资料,分析了海州湾海洋牧场鱼礁区和对照区活性磷酸盐(PO_4~(3-)-P)、活性硅酸盐(SiO_3~(2-)-Si)和溶解无机氮(DIN)的浓度、组成及营养盐结构的变化.同时,比较了鱼礁区和对照区营养盐的变化,初步分析了人工鱼礁投放量与营养盐的相关性,尝试探索人工鱼礁投放对营养盐浓度与结构的影响.结果表明,鱼礁区和对照区PO_4~(3-)-P、SiO_3~(2-)-Si浓度均呈现出秋季夏季春季的特点,且鱼礁区高于对照区.DIN在鱼礁区和对照区也呈现出同样的季节变化特点,但鱼礁区的变化幅度显著大于对照区.海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放使鱼礁区PO_4~(3-)-P和DIN浓度增加.受热力学平衡的影响,对照区DIN浓度也出现了增加,而PO_4~(3-)-P受人工鱼礁投放的影响小.鱼礁区和对照区SiO_3~(2-)-Si受人工鱼礁投放影响均不明显.另外,海洋牧场DIN组成也发生了改变,2012年前NO_3~--N为DIN主要组成,之后为NH_4~+-N.营养盐结构分析显示,海州湾海洋牧场营养盐对浮游植物主要表现为磷限制.     

Application of environmental risk assessment for strategic decision-making in coastal areas: case studies in China

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is a powerful technical tool for analyzing potential and extreme adverse environmental impacts, and has found wide application in supporting decision-making processes over the last two decades. However, to date there has been no interrelated application of ERA to support the processes of strategic decision-making (SDM), especially in coastal areas.

In this paper, we attempt to verify the feasibility of the proposed integrated ERA–SDM approach and its methodology by applying it to two case studies (in Xiamen Bay and Luoyuan Bay) of the principal coastal functional zoning (PCFZ, a kind of SDM and similar to the coastal and marine spatial planning in western). The results show that the integrated ERA–SDM approach could integrate ERA into the entire SDM process, directly support the PCFZ, and avoid or mitigate dire environmental risk that can be introduced by SDM processes.     

Toward Reversal of Eutrophic Conditions in a Subtropical Estuary: Water Quality and Seagrass Response to Nitrogen Loading Reductions in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA

Coastal waters have been significantly influenced by increased inputs of nutrients that have accompanied population growth in adjacent drainage basins. In Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, the population has quadrupled since 1950. By the late 1970s, eutrophic conditions including phytoplankton and macroalgal blooms and seagrass losses were evident. The focus of improving Tampa Bay is centered on obtaining sufficient water quality necessary for restoring seagrass habitat, estimated to have been 16,400 ha in 1950 but reduced to 8800 ha by 1982. To address these problems, targets for nutrient load reductions along with seagrass restoration goals were developed and actions were implemented to reach adopted targets. Empirical regression models were developed to determine relationships between chlorophyll a concentrations and light attenuation adequate for sustainable seagrass growth. Additional empirical relationships between nitrogen loading and chlorophyll a concentrations were developed to determine how Tampa Bay responds to changes in loads. Data show that when nitrogen load reduction and chlorophyll a targets are met, seagrass cover increases. After nitrogen load reductions and maintenance of chlorophyll a at target levels, seagrass acreage has increased 25% since 1982, although more than 5000 ha of seagrass still require recovery. The cooperation of scientists, managers, and decision makers participating in the Tampa Bay Estuary Program’s Nitrogen Management Strategy allows the Tampa Bay estuary to continue to show progress towards reversing many of the problems that once plagued its waters. These results also highlight the importance of a multi-entity watershed management process in maintaining progress towards science-based natural resource goals.     

福建省兴化湾大气重金属的干湿沉降

在兴化湾周围采集1年的大气颗粒物及降雨样品,测定分析了Cd,Pb,Zn和Cu 4种重金属的含量及其大气干湿沉降通量随季节的变化规律,并利用Pb同位素对大气颗粒物的来源进行了解析.结果表明:大气重金属的干沉降通量随季节变化不大,而湿沉降通量随季节变化明显.大气干沉降通量中,Cd,Cu随季节变化很小,而Pb,Zn有一定的季节变化,主要是因为降雨对大气颗粒物的去除作用.大气湿沉降通量中,所有重金属元素受降雨量影响显著,另外还与季节和风速有关.除Pb外,Cd,Zn和Cu的湿沉降通量均大于干沉降通量,说明湿沉降在大气对兴化湾重金属的输入过程中起主导作用.而Pb的输入则以颗粒态为主.根据Pb稳定同位素分析,兴化湾大气颗粒物中的重金属主要来源于工业活动.      

NH3-N在大连湾的水环境行为模拟研究

应用三维水质模型对大连湾中的主要污染物NH3-N的行为进行了模拟,对NH3-N浓度的时空变化规律以及其影响因素进行了研究,选择主要的模型参数进行了灵敏度分析。由空间分布的模拟结果可知,在大连湾,NH3-N浓度主要集中在排污口附近区域,灵敏度分析显示,在排污口区水体的扩散能力对NH3-N浓度的影响较大。由季节变化模拟结果可知,在湾顶部的排污口区NH3-N浓度显示明显的季节变化趋势。在湾中部和朝海边界的湾口区NH3-N浓度较低,变化平缓。模拟结果可以为大连湾的污染控制、水质规划和管理提供科学依据。