基于改进水平集算法的锅炉承压视觉预警技术

传统锅炉承压预警技术主要依靠人工巡查发现问题,在检测过程中受工作人员自身操作不稳定因素影响,存在故障预警实时性差、盲点多等问题,达不到相应的预警要求.针对此问题,提出基于改进采用水平集算法的锅炉承压预警技术.利用图像处理技术从图像中分割出锅炉承压关键部件,统计关键部件灰度值,并利用灰度值设定特征图像及初始轮廓,设计采用...     

软岩大断面隧道二次衬砌支护时机的选择研究

为探明软岩大断面隧道开挖后围岩的变形与支护时机的相关关系,利用监控测量数据反演分析中获得的蠕变参数,校正ABAQUS的D-P蠕变模型;在此基础上建立数值计算模型,对具有代表性的围岩进口浅埋段、出口浅埋段和洞身段进行了相关的数值分析,研究软岩大断面隧道岩体的变形规律和支护时机之间的关系;通过埋设现场监控量测点对二衬支护时机的结果进行了验证。研究结果表明:出口和进口浅埋段的V级围岩,开挖后岩体的变形速率大、时间短,选择以最终位移量的80%为最佳支护时机,二衬的最佳支护时机为隧道开挖支护后的15 d左右;洞身段IV级围岩具有变形速率小、时间长,以最终位移量的90%为最佳支护时机,洞身段二衬的最佳支护时机为隧道开挖支护后的30 d左右。现场验证表明,选择的二次衬砌支护的时机是可行的。     

煤巷顶板围岩结构承载能力弱化分析

为了揭示煤巷顶板围岩承载能力的弱化机理,结合已有的研究成果,建立巷道顶板三向承载梁结构承载弹塑流弱化分析模型,确定三向承载梁结构承载状态的分析方法,提出用围岩塑性区深度、宽度、长度作为评价巷道围岩承载的弱化分析指标,研究围岩性质、支护强度、采动应用等诱导因子对煤巷顶板结构承载能力弱化分析指标的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着围岩强度的提高、支护强度的增加、扰动应力的减小,弱化分析指标呈似线性减小的变化规律,且减幅由大到小排序为塑性区长度Sy,宽度Sx和深度Sz,同时提高围岩强度、支护强度,减小采动作用应力,煤巷顶板弱化分析指标的减小程度显著高于单因子的改善。     

南海北部海域油气勘探保障建设选址适宜性研究

为分析南海北部海域油气勘探保障建设选址的适宜性,在广泛研究备选区特征资料的基础上,基于层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)原理,以自然环境因素、开发环境因素、基础设施与投资情况以及其他因素作为一级评判准则,建立了包括12项二级评判准则的递进层次结构模型,并以永兴岛、赵述岛和晋卿岛作为3个假定备选区,来验证分析评价模型的有效性和可靠性。AHP评判结果显示,3个备选区的整体优劣指数依次为0.587 1, 0.212 1, 0.200 8;AHP模型的一致性比例CR值为0.020 3。通过分析和筛选影响远海油气勘探保障建设的选址因子,构建基于AHP原理的选址评价模型,可用于分析评价南海北部岛礁油气勘探保障建设选址的适宜性。     

基于SIFT与SVM的应急救援图像检测方法研究*

针对公共安全突发事件应急救援的封闭空间场景（Confined Space Scene,CSS）信息采集不通畅、不全面而影响救援等问题,提出1种基于不变特征转换（Scale invariant feature transform,SIFT）和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）的图像信息异常检测方法。在场景内外信息传递“断环”情况下,该方法可利用物联网技术采集的图片,或以网络图片信息、历史类似场景数据等作为补充,通过SIFT特征提取、K means聚类处理以及SVM分类,实现场景的智能识别。经仿真分析,该方法能实现封闭空间内外部图像信息互通,“接补”因无法了解事件内部情况而产生的救援环节链条的“断环”,为救援提供决策参考。     

PDE accident model from a safety information perspective and its application to Zhangjiakou fire and explosion accident

Accident models can provide theoretical frameworks for determining the causes and mechanisms of accidents, and thus are theoretical bases for accident analysis and prevention. The role of safety information in accident causation is profound. Thus, safety information is an important and essential perspective for developing accident models. This study presents a new accident model developed from a safety information perspective, called the Prediction—Decision—Execution (PDE) accident model. Because the PDE accident model is an emerging accident model that was proposed in 2018, its analysis logic and viability remain to be discussed. Thus, the main contributions of this study include two aspects: (i) detailed explanation of the analysis logic of the PDE accident model, and (ii) case-study examination of the Zhangjiakou fire and explosion accident, a serious accident that occurred in China in 2018, to demonstrate the viability of the PDE accident model. Results show that this is a safety-information-driven accident model that can provide a new and effective methodology for accident analysis and prevention, and safety management.     

Can level of safety climate predict level of orientation toward safety in a decision making task?

Establishing the relationship between level of safety climate and safety performance is a current challenge. This work examines the relationship between level of safety climate and orientation toward safety in the decision making process and choice. Alternatively, this work seeks to answer the question of whether level of safety climate can predict safety-oriented decision making. A generalized safety climate questionnaire and a decision making simulation are utilized to examine this relationship. The results indicate that level of safety climate is not a significant predictor of the decision process; however, it was found to be a significant predictor of the selection of safer choices.     

煤与瓦斯突出预测的支持向量机(SVM)模型

基于支持向量机(SVM)分类算法,考虑影响煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素,建立了煤与瓦斯突出预测的SVM模型。该模型选取开采深度、瓦斯压力、瓦斯放散初速度、煤的坚固性系数以及地质破坏程度5个指标作为模型输入量,同时将煤与瓦斯突出程度划分为无突出、小型突出、中型突出和大型突出4个等级,进而使其评判结果更为细化。以实测数据作为学习样本进行训练,建立相应判别函数对待判样本进行预测。通过算例分析,表明该模型的方法对煤与瓦斯突出预测的合理性与有效性,可以在实际工程中推广。     

Recursive Operability Analysis as a decision support tool for Risk-Based Maintenance

This work was developed with the support of MEMC, one of the most important producers of ultra-pure silicon wafers for electronic applications throughout the world. The availability of ultra-pure water is of prime importance in the silicon production process. In order to maximize the availability of UP water, MEMC has developed a preventive maintenance program and a detailed record of each maintenance intervention is recorded. This has allowed a complete failure rate data bank to be developed. In order to optimize the maintenance intervention, a Recursive Operability Analysis (ROA) has been used as a decision support tool. The results of the ROA, coupled with the failure rates, have made it possible to calculate the expected number of events (ENE) of various top events (TEs). The magnitude of each TE has been estimated on the basis of the monetary losses provoked by each event. The risk then has been calculated and the events ranked on this basis. Maintenance policies have been optimized with the aim of reducing the risk of the top ranked events.     

城市火灾案例库辅助决策方法的研究

在对城市火灾事故案例进行全面调查、统计和分类分析的基础上,提出一种城市火灾案例特征属性的表示框架,对特征属性进行了层次化和结构化,同时对属性值的取值进行较为科学而严格的定义,进而应用混合相似度度量方法和粗糙-模糊集方法提炼案例中蕴涵的灭火救援知识,给出一种灭火救援辅助决策过程模型;通过查找最相似案例和案例库提炼出相关的灭火救援规则进行灭火救援辅助决策;成功进行了实例验证。该模型的建立可为城市火灾案例智能决策系统的研究提供参考。