三论灾害防御能力的基本定义与特征

综合灾害防御能力评估已成为应急管理业务和研究的重要内容之一.在前期研究基础上,首先从近年来灾害系统的复杂性特征和应急管理的需求角度出发,对综合灾害防御能力进行了再理解,然后对现有灾害防御能力的多属性综合评估方法进行了梳理总结.以气象灾害为例,通过68项指标构建了我国综合气象灾害防御能力的6个单项指标体系,即制度适应能力...     

近30年来鄱阳湖环湖区土地利用与景观格局变化研究

以1988—2018年7期Landsat遥感卫星影像为数据源,采用土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数等方法探究了鄱阳湖环湖区近30年来土地利用与景观格局变化特征.结果表明：(1)近30年来鄱阳湖环湖区建设用地和林地面积显著增加,耕地、草地、水域和未利用地面积减少.(2)建设用地的转入类型以耕地为主,30年间共侵占耕地面积1243.66 km²,占建设用地面积增加量的71.19%.林地的转入类型主要为耕地和草地,其中,耕地转入占比56.95%.耕地的转出类型以建设用地、草地和林地为主,且1999年以后随着城镇化的发展耕地主要转向建设用地.(3)近30年来鄱阳湖环湖区景观总体破碎程度逐渐增大,景观斑块个数共增加63492个,增幅为11.68%.景观连通性降低,各类型土地呈均衡化趋势分布,景观异质性增加.研究结果可为推动鄱阳湖环湖区土地资源保护、生态环境保护和经济协同发展提供参考依据.     

Customisation of the decision support system MOIRA-PLUS for applications to the marine environment

The present short communication describes a technique to customise the decision system MOIRA-PLUS for applications to the marine environment. MOIRA-PLUS was originally designed to predict the behaviour of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr in fresh water ecosystems and to evaluate the environmental, social and economic impacts of selected countermeasures aimed at restoring the polluted environment and at reducing the doses to man. An example of application for predicting the concentration of radiocaesium of Chernobyl origin in the Mediterranean Sea is described and discussed. The technique allows the user to easily integrate existing state-of-the-art box models of sea water circulation into the MOIRA-PLUS decision system.     

A web-based Decision Support System for the optimal management of construction and demolition waste

Wastes from construction activities constitute nowadays the largest by quantity fraction of solid wastes in urban areas. In addition, it is widely accepted that the particular waste stream contains hazardous materials, such as insulating materials, plastic frames of doors, windows, etc. Their uncontrolled disposal result to long-term pollution costs, resource overuse and wasted energy. Within the framework of the DEWAM project, a web-based Decision Support System (DSS) application - namely DeconRCM - has been developed, aiming towards the identification of the optimal construction and demolition waste (CDW) management strategy that minimises end-of-life costs and maximises the recovery of salvaged building materials. This paper addresses both technical and functional structure of the developed web-based application. The web-based DSS provides an accurate estimation of the generated CDW quantities of twenty-one different waste streams (e.g. concrete, bricks, glass, etc.) for four different types of buildings (residential, office, commercial and industrial). With the use of mathematical programming, the DeconRCM provides also the user with the optimal end-of-life management alternative, taking into consideration both economic and environmental criteria. The DSS's capabilities are illustrated through a real world case study of a typical five floor apartment building in Thessaloniki, Greece.     

浅谈新形势下县级环境监测工作

阐述了县级环境监测站在改革的新形势下,必须积极争取财政的支持,加强监测能力的建设,强化监测质量管理,拓宽技术服务领域,走自我完善,自我发展之路。     

基于RBF网络模型的混凝投药智能决策支持系统

介绍了基于径向基函数网络模型的混凝投药智能决策支持系统的机构、功能及其核心系统:径向基函数网络模型子系统和专家子系统的原理和实现方法.在实际水厂中的运行结果表明:与传统的SCD系统相比,该智能决策支持系统能实时确定混凝剂投加量,且沉淀池出水水质较好.     

Utility assessment of a map-based online geo-collaboration tool

Spatial group decision-making processes often include both informal and analytical components. Discussions among stakeholders or planning experts are an example of an informal component. When participants discuss spatial planning projects they typically express concerns and comments by pointing to places on a map. The Argumentation Map model provides a conceptual basis for collaborative tools that enable explicit linkages of arguments to the places to which they refer. These tools allow for the input of explicitly geo-referenced arguments as well as the visual access to arguments through a map interface. In this paper, we will review previous utility studies in geo-collaboration and evaluate a case study of a Web-based Argumentation Map application. The case study was conducted in the summer of 2005 when student participants discussed planning issues on the University of Toronto St. George campus. During a one-week unmoderated discussion phase, 11 participants wrote 60 comments on issues such as safety, facilities, parking, and building aesthetics. By measuring the participants' use of geographic references, we draw conclusions on how well the software tool supported the potential of the underlying concept. This research aims to contribute to a scientific approach to geo-collaboration in which the engineering of novel spatial decision support methods is complemented by a critical assessment of their utility in controlled, realistic experiments.     

基于支持向量机(SVM)的民用飞机重着陆智能诊断研究

针对国内航空公司对于重着陆的判断方法存在的不足,提出采用支持向量机(SVM)建立重着陆的智能诊断模型;分析对重着陆产生影响的相关因素,在力学基础上揭示了重着陆的产生原理;利用快速存取记录器中记录的多个飞行参数的信息,采用B737机型的实际样本数据进行训练和验证。结果表明:该方法能有效判断出是否发生重着陆,其准确率高达92.86%,证明该重着陆智能诊断方法具有较强实际应用价值,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

某公路隧道围岩稳定性及支护方式分析

跟踪某隧道施工,进行地质素描和节理统计,通过赤平投影分析节理发育分布规律,建立岩体结构模型;根据隧道围岩结构模型,运用离散元分析方法计算围岩稳定性,并结合现场塌方分析围岩破坏模式。通过离散元分析及时支护和无支护情况下围岩稳定性,探讨钢格栅锚杆组合进行初次支护的力学机理;根据现场钢格栅承受压力和隧道收敛监测,分析某隧道施工中围岩和支护体系的稳定性,总结出隧道施工中安全事故的主要原因,并给出合理的支护建议。     

地面超载对支护结构的影响

通过对超载所引起的作用在支护结构上的土压力的分析,提出超载较大时按应力扩散的方法确定超载作用的影响范围,建立了超载对支护结构土压力的计算模型,推导了支护结构土压力的计算公式,该计算模型可以较好地解释经典土压力理论计算中支护结构主动土压力偏大、被动土压力偏小的问题。该计算模型成功地用于工程实践后,大幅度降低了基坑支护的造价,表明其具有明显的适用性和经济性,因而对基坑支护和边坡支护的理论研究和工程实践具有借鉴意义。