核级管道非标支架的力学分析与优化设计

目的基于核级管道支架的力学分析,针对性地提出非标支架优化设计方案。方法核电站中管道支架为确保管道系统的安全运行发挥着至关重要的作用。针对工况复杂、要求严苛、承载恶劣的管道支架,为满足其支撑与抗震功能,通常采用非标设计。深入研究非标支架的力学计算和评定方法。通过有限元计算评定结果,发现支架设计中不满足规范要求项,提出非标支架优化设计方案。结果首先针对支架整体结构刚度和稳定性不足,采取增加斜支撑与增强约束等结构性修改措施,进而确定增强支撑钢梁强度的优化方案,解决应力超过规范许用限值问题,最后对于问题集中的管道连接区域,提出局部支撑构件重新设计方案。结论该优化方案可为核级管道非标支架设计提供借鉴和指导,以满足核电标准规范和设计要求。     

Influence of supports on photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide

The photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in aqueous suspensions with the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) under UV irradiation was examined. The effects of different supporting materials mixed physically with TiO2 were studied to achieve maximum degradation efficiency. Among the three supports, namely activated carbon (AC), silica (SiO2 ) and zeolite (ZSM-5), all exhibited paramount efficiency for degradation of phenol and 4-CP and was better than TiO2 alone. The optimum concentration was found to be 50 mg for all supporting materials. The efficiency order of the three supports was as follows: AC > ZSM-5 > SiO2 , respectively. Whilst, the degradation of phenol and 4-CP was improved from 70.6% to 87.6% and 80.6% to 89.7%, respectively, within 120 min photocatalysis in the presence of optimal amount of AC. The degradation was also comparatively enhanced in the presence of cheaper rice husk and the activity was closed to ZSM-5 and lower than AC.     

基于战略投送策略的电磁频谱保障技术研究

实践表明,在投送的过程中谁能有效地对交通线进行控制与使用,谁的胜数就大,反之就会陷入被动的局面。袭击、封锁和破坏我方交通运输是客观存在的。而适时展开整体防卫,统一使用军地防空力量实行一体化区域防空,加强电磁频谱装备建设和技术安全保障,加强主要投送装备的自卫火力和电子对抗系统,就能使投送力量具有一定的防护能力,从而提高投送装备安全保障的水平。     

Adaptive management on the central Platte River--science, engineering, and decision analysis to assist in the recovery of four species

Active adaptive management is the centerpiece of a major species recovery program now underway on the central Platte River in Nebraska. The Platte River Recovery Implementation Program initiated on January 1, 2007 and is a joint effort between the states of Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska; the U.S. Department of the Interior; waters users; and conservation groups. This program is intended to address issues related to endangered species and loss of habitat along the Platte River in central Nebraska by managing land and water resources and using adaptive management as its science framework. The adaptive management plan provides a systematic process to test hypotheses and apply the information learned to improve management on the ground, and is centered on conceptual models and priority hypotheses that reflect different interpretations of how river processes work and the best approach to meeting key objectives. This framework reveals a shared attempt to use the best available science to implement experiments, learn, and revise management actions accordingly on the Platte River. This paper focuses on the status of adaptive management implementation on the Platte, experimental and habitat design issues, and the use of decision analysis tools to help set objectives and guide decisions.     

River environmental decision support system development for Suzhou Creek in Shanghai

The Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation Project (SCRP) is one of the largest water-related environmental rehabilitation schemes ever undertaken in the vicinity of Shanghai, China. This paper details the development and application of a River Environmental Decision Support System (REDSS) for scientific planning and decision-making on the Suzhou Creek project, and illustrates the flexibility of the REDSS framework. We developed the following components: (1) a GIS-based analysis employing Component technology; (2) a "data mart" for multi-dimensional, multi-level, integrated, dynamic, and flexible data querying; and (3) a set of hydrodynamic and water quality models which can simulate complex tidal river networks. In addition, we detail how a water quality assessment model is embedded into the REDSS by employing an Identification Index Method. With the REDSS, all GIS and non-GIS components are integrated seamlessly and data from different sources can be queried simultaneously. This allows for various scenarios to be simulated and analyzed in advance to predict and assess the effects of proposed engineering and management measures. Generated information can thus support effective decisions. All operations of the REDSS can be implemented conveniently through user-friendly interfaces. The function of the REDSS framework is demonstrated through an application to Suzhou Creek. Because the REDSS characteristics are quite general, it may be applied in different geographic regions.     

信息融合技术在火灾探测中的应用研究

为减少火灾探测中的误报警,基于信息融合技术对火灾传感器输出的信息进行处理。充分利用火灾探测系统的在线和离线数据,采用改进的主元分析法(PCA)、粗糙集(RS)理论、支持向量机(SVM)等3种方法的融合与互补,通过对系统的输入数据进行简化,消除原有信息的各分量之间的相关性,降低特征信息维数;实施最优最小约简,特征提取优化;构造自适应核函数,确定最优分类超平面,进行样本训练,获得火灾探测结果。从数据级、特征级、决策级3个层次上实现火灾信息融合。结果表明:该方法减少了融合过程中的信息损失,降低了计算的复杂性,有效地提高了火灾探测系统的可靠性和准确度。     

基于RS-SVM模型的煤与瓦斯突出多因素风险评价

为挖掘瓦斯突出风险与煤矿开采中各影响因素间的关系,应用支持向量机(SVM)理论从模式判别角度分析瓦斯突出风险与各地质因素组成的特征向量间的判别关系,基于粗糙集(RS)理论对待分析数据进行知识约简,提取核心判别指标,建立基于粗糙集-支持向量机(RS-SVM)的瓦斯突出风险判别模型。研究结果表明,RS知识约简方法可以很好地对原始数据中的冗余指标进行约简,通过对约简后指标数据进行SVM回归分析,可对煤与瓦斯突出模式进行很好的判别,所建立的瓦斯突出风险判别模型较一般SVM模型具有更高的预测精度,同时指标约简过程降低SVM运算中的复杂度,提高运算效率。     

基于ARIMA与SVM的飞行事故组合预测方法

飞行事故预测的目的在于预防事故。为提高事故预防的针对性和有效性,必须加强预测,以增强预防飞行事故的主动性。在ARIMA和SVM基础上,提出一种飞行事故组合预测方法。首先建立ARIMA模型,用以描述历史数据中的线性关系;然后,对ARIMA模型的残差构建SVM模型,用以模拟数据中的非线性规律,两者预测值之和就是最后的预测结果。美国空军1954—1993年飞行事故损坏飞机万时率的实证分析结果表明:利用该方法所建立的模型,能够对飞行事故作出较为准确的预测,模型精度总体优于单一的ARIMA或SVM模型。     

基于贝叶斯网络的复杂工程安全管理决策支持方法研究

为改进当前复杂工程安全风险管理中普遍存在偏重事前管理、过分依赖专家经验等不足,探讨复杂工程贝叶斯网络(BN)的构建流程,提出基于BN的安全管理辅助决策分析(DSA)方法,并以武汉越江地铁盾构隧道渗漏水事故为例进行实证研究。结果表明:利用BN能够融合多领域专家关于具体工程的实践经验,以有向图形式直观表达安全事故致因变量间的不确定性关系,在事前阶段运用正向推理技术预测事故发生概率以界定警情等级及早防范,事中运用重要度分析辨识关键致险因子以明确过程控制要点,事后运用反向推理技术快速诊断查明最可能致因组合,从而为复杂工程安全事故全过程管理提供实时辅助决策支持。     

基于多通道信息融合的疲劳驾驶行为分析研究

为了克服单一通道信息在驾驶疲劳行为判定中的局限性,提出了综合运用多通道信息融合共同判定驾驶疲劳行为的方法。该方法在充分考虑各信息源相关性和互补性的基础上,优化采用驾驶人疲劳特征ECD、车道偏离程度SAAE、方向盘转动程度SWA等疲劳判别指标,运用MVAR进行多维特征向量提取,以有向无环支持向量机为融合算法,建立了基于多分类支持向量机的驾驶疲劳行为判定模型。结果表明,运用DAG-SVM进行多通道信息决策提高了疲劳驾驶行为检测的准确性和可靠性。