区域水环境规划决策支持系统初步研究

本文对区域水环境规划决策支持系统的总体结构进行介绍，论述了系统数据库，知识库，模型库的设计思路，结果表明系统可作为水环境规划的有效辅助工具，同时对该系统进一步开发完善了进行了探讨。     

基于支持向量机(SVM)的回采工作面瓦斯涌出混沌预测方法研究

针对瓦斯涌出传统的线性预测方法存在的问题,根据瓦斯涌出时间序列固有的确定性和非线性,利用混沌动力系统的相空间延迟坐标重构理论,结合基于机器学习理论的支持向量机(SVM),建立基于SVM理论的瓦斯涌出混沌时间序列预测模型。经Ⅱ1024回采工作面瓦斯涌出时间序列仿真计算,仿真结果显示该预测模型具有比传统的回归方法更好的泛化能力,预测方法具有很高的预测精度。同时,该模型具有以往传统机器学习的瓦斯涌出预测模型建立简便、训练速度快等优点。由于充分考虑瓦斯涌出时间序列的混沌性,并利用SVM预测的优良特性,使得预测更科学。     

浅议生态环境损害赔偿的理论基础与实施保障

本文立足于环境资源公共物品的属性,探讨构建生态环境损害赔偿制度的理论基础,提出行政主管部门应在生态环境损害赔偿中发挥主导作用。从落实《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点方案》的角度出发,从明确责任主体、细化磋商与诉讼程序、健全生态环境损害评估制度、加强资金保障、强化法律与公众监督等方面提出关于改革方案配套制度的八条具体建议。     

硅胶负载纳米TiO2催化臭氧化降解水中微量硝基苯的研究

研究了纳米TiO2负载于硅胶表面作为臭氧氧化硝基苯过程中的催化剂时,热处理温度对催化活性的影响.结果表明,在700℃条件下烧结的纳米TiO2/硅胶表现出了最佳活性,反应10min硝基苯去除率相比于单独臭氧氧化提高了约25%.在一定范围内催化剂投量越大,硝基苯去除率越高.碱性pH环境有利于催化臭氧化反应的进行,但当pH值高于10时,硝基苯去除率有所降低.催化臭氧化反应遵循一级反应,反应速率常数与硝基苯的初始浓度无关.典型的自由基捕获剂叔丁醇与碳酸根离子对硝基苯的降解有强烈的抑制作用,间接地证明催化臭氧化反应遵循自由基作用机理.反应温度为10～40℃之间时,硝基苯去除率随着温度升高而提高.催化剂重复使用实验证明TiO2在硅胶表面负载牢固,催化剂具有较好的稳定性与耐用性.     

基于AHP-TOPSIS的装备保障信息定量评价研究

首先,根据装备保障信息评价的原则,利用层次分析法(AHP)构建装备保障信息评价的层次结构模型,确定指标的权重系数。然后,将多目标决策中的逼近理想解法应用到以矩阵为元素的空间中,按照与最小理想点的相对接近度对装备保障信息作出综合评价。最后,通过对装备保障信息实例进行量化计算,检验模型的有效性。     

环境管理决策支持系统的研究

环境管理决策支持系统是实现环境管理科学化和现代化的重要手段。通过对决策支持系统的论述,提出了便于ＥＤＳＳ实现的新的决策支持系统的结构图。给出了环境管理决策支持系统的严格定义,组织内容,系统组织方法,各部分的接口方法及系统实现中需注意的问题。     

Pt/CeO2催化氧化甲苯反应机制研究

采用浸渍法制备了Pt/CeO_2和Pt/Al2O_3催化剂,并通过XRD、BET、ICP-OES、H2-TPR、XPS等手段表征其物理化学性质.结果发现,Pt/CeO_2和Pt/Al2O_3催化剂上Pt负载量约为0.6%,Al2O_3载体上Pt颗粒尺寸更小,Pt/CeO_2的可还原性更强.甲苯催化氧化活性评价结果表明,Pt/CeO_2催化剂表现出更好的催化活性,T50=170℃,T90=190℃.通过UV-Raman、甲苯TPD、GC/MS、In-situ FTIR等手段进一步研究发现,Pt/CeO_2活化甲苯及反应供氧的机制与Pt/Al2O_3存在区别,其活性更好是因为:(1)负载在CeO_2表面存在高电子密度的Pt原子,具有更强的活化甲苯能力,可以直接使苯基和甲基间的C—C链发生断裂;(2)Pt的负载促进了CeO_2氧空位形成,进一步提高了CeO_2的储氧性能,加速氧循环.除了Pt解离气相氧之外,CeO_2还可以提供活性氧物种参与催化氧化甲苯的反应,进一步提高甲苯催化氧化效率.     

Developments in remote sensing, dynamic modelling and GIS applications for integrated coastal zone management

The International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC) has a research programme that should result in an integrated environmental coastal zone management system through three subprojects. The programme aims to develop methodologies and tools for assessing coastal zone changes, and for the evaluation of scenarios for coastal zone management, based on a spatio-temporal Geographical Information System (GIS) working platform which integrates remote sensing data, physical-morphodynamic and eco-hydrologic modelling, and a decision support system. The first subproject develops methodologies for the generation of optimum Remote Sensing (RS) data sets, leading to better interpretation and complementary use of conventional and new remote sensing imagery. It also integrates RS, GIS, and modelling through hypothesis generation, parameter estimation, evaluation and validation. The second subproject facilitates qualitative and quantitative analysis and prediction of the physical aspects of coastal landscape development under the influence of natural processes and human impacts. This subproject is based on the application of remote sensing and dynamic modelling. The third subproject leads to a spatio-temporal working platform which supports data integration of RS and in-situ measurements, and qualitative and quantitative analysis for the prediction of coastal landscape development. Both support decision making in Integrated Coastal Zone Management.     

Towards a spatial information infrastructure for flood management in The Netherlands

The immense value of a geographic information system for flood control has been experienced by the decision-markers of the Dutch province of Gelderland during the flood of the Rivers Meuse (Maas) and Waal in January 1995. Super-imposing different ‘data layers’, GIS-experts could detect the weak parts in the dikes and generate and evacuation plan. Shortcomings within the organization were experienced as well: important data could not be retrieved, and the coordination of efforts by the different governmental departments and institutions was not optimal. To overcome these shortcomings and to optimize the modelling process, a spatial decision support system (SDSS) is being proposed, aggregating several models, heuristic and procedural, into integrated software tools. As becomes clear from two cases of flood control described, ‘emergency managers’ should be able to communicate about spatial data available and have access to selected spatial data. In order to improve communication between data sources, data processing and the use of relevant spatial data in GISs, a new ‘Spatial Information Infrastructure’ (SII) needs to be developed. This requires both technical and organizational solutions and standards. Proper documentation of the data will allow the GIS-experts to more quickly find, store, update and reuse the data. A range of ‘metadata’ services exist documenting data sets, typically limited by thematic or national boundaries. There are no standards in common practice for structuring and classifying spatial information. The user of spatial information cannot easily browse across Web-sites and compare products from different suppliers. Even, if the search has been successful, the user all too often has to face a complex process of negotiation, and highly technical data integration issues. A consortium of European GIS-experts has addressed these problems and launched the ‘European Spatial Metadata Infrastructure’ (ESMI) project with the objective to link existing and future metadata systems using Internet.     

软土深基坑的空间变形特性分析及危险性评估

为准确掌握软土深基坑的变形特性,并合理评价其危险性,基于现场监测成果,进行基坑重要监测项目的空间变形特征分析;通过变形分级和发展趋势判据计算得到相应特征指标,从而开展基坑危险性评估.结果表明:支护结构的空间变形近似呈"驼峰"特征,即基坑两端头的变形值相对较小,而基坑中部的变形值相对较大;周边土体沉降相对较小,随着与基坑...