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1.
In this paper we apply graph theory in a reserve selection exercise to explore the tradeoffs between maintaining connectivity and minimizing the total area of a protected area network. Rather than focus on a single organism, we used a multi-species approach and looked at the tradeoff curves for organisms with varying dispersal abilities. We first generated the tradeoff curves using a graph-based metric to determine the importance of individual patches for maintaining connectivity. We then performed an analogous set of analyses using patch size as a surrogate measure of importance.  相似文献   
2.
Counselling in connection with prenatal diagnosis (PND) is a common task for the obstetrician and the midwife. However, the decision making processes of pregnant women are not completely known, for instance, the questions of women's autonomy, the decision on how to act in the case of an abnormal test, and the partner's participation in the decision. A questionnaire and interview study was carried out among 211 women undergoing PND by amniocentesis or chorionic villus biopsy. Most women in the sample indicated that PND was completely voluntary. However, at the same time almost every woman reported that it was difficult to decline from PND when offered. Even before the visit to register at the antenatal clinic, most of the women (83 per cent) had made up their minds to have PND. At the time of the test, many of the participants (62 per cent) had decided in favour of a legal abortion if the test indicated an abnormality in the fetus. At the same time, however, the data indicate a need for reflection and ambivalence, which the medical staff have to accept. In the questionnaire most of the women stated that they and their partners had similar attitudes towards PND, but when interviewed 38 per cent of the women admitted some differences between their own attitudes and their partners'. Although some women reported considerable deliberation and ambivalence, most of them said that they would undergo PND in another pregnancy.  相似文献   
3.
非线性灰色模型在污染物总量预测中的应用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
在前人工作的基础之上介绍了几种修正的GM(1,1)非线性模型,并以衡阳市1990~1996年城区污染物总量(COD)的预测为例,探讨了各种模型的应用效果。结果表明:非线性模型的拟合精度更高,具有更加广阔的发展前景。  相似文献   
4.
Fisheries management is the practice of analyzing and selecting options to maintain or alter the structure, dynamics, and interaction of habitat, aquatic biota, and man to achieve human goals and objectives. The theory of fisheries management is: managers or decision makers attempt to maximize renewable `output' from an aquatic resource by choosing from among a set of decision options and applying a set of actions that generate an array of outputs. Outputs may be defined as a tangible catch, a fishing experience, an existence value, or anything else produced or supported by renewable aquatic resources. Overall output is always a mix of tangible and intangible elements. However defined, management goals and objectives are essential components of fisheries management or any other field of renewable natural resource management. Reaching consensus on management goals and objectives has never been a simple task. Beyond the broad and often conflicting goals of an agency, managers must decide who should set specific management objectives — agency personnel, the public, or a combination of the two. Historically, rhetoric aside, fisheries managers in North America nearly always have consulted with professionals in governmental roles to set management objectives. In a strongly pluralistic society, this often resulted in protracted political and legal conflict. Increasingly, there are calls for use of risk assessment to help solve such ecological policy and management problems commonly encountered in fisheries management. The basic concepts of ecological risk assessment may be simple, but the jargon and details are not. Risk assessment (and similar analytical tools) is a concept that has evoked strong reactions whenever it has been used. In spite of the difficulties of defining problems and setting management objectives for complex ecological policy questions, use of risk assessment to help solve ecological problems is widely supported. Ecological risk assessment will be most useful (and objective) in political deliberations when the policy debate revolves around largely technical concerns. To the extent that risk assessment forces policy debate and disagreement toward fundamental differences rather than superficial ones, it will be useful in decision making.  相似文献   
5.
生物膜反应器在水处理中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
简述了生物膜技术的传质理论,并且对水处理工程中常用的各种类型生物膜反应器的应用和发展作了详细的论述.最后提出了生物膜反应器的发展方向。  相似文献   
6.
水质综合评价灰色理论模型及其应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
冯玉国 《重庆环境科学》1995,17(4):31-33,43
根据灰色关联度的定义,运用广义加权距离构造目标函数,建立了一种水质综合评价的灰色理论模型。综合实例说明了该模型的应用,得到与用其它方法评价完全一致的结果,该模型数学推导严谨,科学合理,分辨率高,可靠性强 。  相似文献   
7.
本文运用灰色理论建立了排污收费的灰色二阶预列模型GM(2,1),给出了GM(2,1)模型精确求解方法,并以某地排污收费为例进行模型拟合。经检验该模型的精度比GM(1,1)模型精度高,最后指出了运用该模型的条件。该模型为环境管理宏观调控的有效实施提供了一种新型的方法和手段。  相似文献   
8.
GametheoryapproachtooptimalcapitalcostalocationinpolutioncontrolChenWenyingInstituteofNuclearEnergyTechnology,TsinghuaUniver...  相似文献   
9.
模糊综合评价,可以对受多层次、多因素影响的事物进行综合评价。,同时介绍了用此法评价的空气质量、每一天各点位诸因子的数据Micmsoft Excel软件在模糊综合评价中的应用,并指出Microsoft Excel的利用实现了评价结果可视化。  相似文献   
10.
灰色理论模型预测城市垃圾量   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
利用灰色理论模型 ,采用非线性微分方程拟合 ,可较好地预测城市垃圾的产生量。运用最小二乘法 ,通过MATALAB程序求出了模型中的参数 ,假设检验结果表明 ,该模型有较高的预测精度。根据上述模型 ,预测娄底市未来30a的总垃圾预测量为 80 4 90万t  相似文献   
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