沙尘的红外衰减特性研究

应用Mie理论分析了沙尘粒子的散射特性,研究了具有一定粒径分布的沙尘粒子的红外衰减特-洼。研究结果表明,指数分布和对数正态分布下沙尘的衰减预测结果比较接近且随能见度的增大衰减减小。不同沙尘天气衰减计算结果表明,波长为11μm时,沙尘暴引起的衰减最大、自然沙尘引起的衰减最小。     

综合类工业园区经济与生态环境的耦合性分析

以上海市青浦综合类工业园区为研究对象,构建了作用于生态环境的8项经济发展指标和制约经济发展的11项生态环境指标体系的评价模式.基于灰色理论,计算了上海青浦工业园区经济发展与生态环境的关联度与耦合度,对它们进行了时序变化分析,并与上海市青浦区的经济发展-生态环境的耦合协调性进行了时序比较.结果显示:上海青浦工业园区的经济...     

滇池水华分形结构动态研究

采用MODIS-NDVI数据,运用CART分枝树法将滇池水体分成富集区、过渡区和水面,依据分形理论对滇池水域不同分区微景观镶嵌体的分维数进行计算,揭示其分维特征,结果表明:滇池水体微景观镶嵌体具有统计意义上的自相似性,是一种随机分形结构,微景观的分维值越大,其形态越复杂,反之越简单.滇池99.7%面积属于富营养区,滇池...     

Approach and application of life cycle screening in early phases of process design: case study of supercritical water gasification

Process design can be influenced most in the early phases. Here, screening methods play a major role, as they reduce the complexity of a system studied by making a pre-selection from a set of alternatives available. The remaining alternatives can be analyzed in more detail in the subsequent design process, which increases design efficiency. The present paper focuses on a multi-stage screening approach for use in the early process development phase in particular. This approach is based on the use of non-compensatory decision support methods that are transferred to life cycle assessment. It may be divided into a first stage, in which the decision matrix used is developed on the basis of decision analysis principles, and a second stage, in which the decision matrix developed is further processed using non-compensatory decision support methods. An example of such a method is the pareto-dominance analysis applied here. The approach proposed is validated by application to the process of biomass gasification in supercritical water, which is being developed at the moment. Here, screening is performed to identify those life cycles, the potential environmental impacts of which contribute most to the total impacts. Attributes are selected in line with the requirement of a simple, but still sufficient modeling of these environmental impacts. By pareto-dominance analysis, emissions from the gasification of sewage sludge, the pre-chain of natural gas production, and from the construction of the supercritical gasification plant are identified to dominate over the remaining life cycles studied. Apart from the predominating alternatives, it is of particular importance to know the dominated alternatives. Due to their small shares in the result, no or only a small expenditure is needed to identify improvement potentials of these alternatives.     

有机磷农药对海洋扁藻毒性构效关系的密度泛涵理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法,在B3LYP/6-311G**水平上,计算了11个有机磷农药化合物的结构参数,将结构参数作为理论描述符,导出了有机磷类化合物的分子结构参数与2种盐度(S=20,S=30)下扁藻毒性(-lgEC50)的定量关系式(式(3)和(6)),并用交叉验证法验证,相关系数R分别为0.923 2和0.893 3,交叉验证相关系数q2分别为0.527 0和0.540 5.在此基础上,预测了11种有机磷农药的毒性.研究表明,所得预测方程有较好的稳定性和较强的预测能力.可用于有机磷化合物的-lgEC50预测.     

天然气集输站泄漏监控系统研究

为克服目前天然气集输站站控系统存在的主要技术问题,探讨了建立泄漏监控安全系统的技术要求.该系统应用负压波检漏技术、模式识别技术和虚拟仪器技术,实现了.对天然气泄漏的信号检测、处理、传输和实时动态显示等.借助于这些技术开发的天然气泄漏监控系统,具有数据处理准确可靠,精度高,误报率低等特点.通过该系统,可以及时获取相关参数和信息,实现早期预警,降低天然气泄漏的事故风险.     

城市重大事故可持续应急的过程性特征研究

对城市重大事故应急的安全学内涵进行了研究,提出了城市重大事故可持续应急的概念.提出对于某个城市特定事故的应急响应过程,应该符合自组织规律,运用自组织理论建立了城市重大事故应急的可持续性模型.研究表明,城市重大事故应急的发展过程,按照其内部应急资源的响应速度,可以分为预防、预备、响应和恢复4个阶段,在理论上丰富了应急的内涵.同时指出了提高城市重大事故应急系统效能的途径.     

The psychological contracts of violation victims: A post‐violation model

Organizations may fail to keep their commitments to their employees, at times leading to psychological contract violation. Although many victims of violation remain with their employer despite such adverse experiences, little research exists on their responses in the aftermath of violation. This paper develops a post‐violation model to explain systematically how violation victims respond to and cope with violation and the effects this process has on their subsequent psychological contract. Central to post‐violation are the victims' beliefs regarding the likelihood of violation resolution and the factors affecting it. The model specifies how the victim engages in a self‐regulation process that results in an array of potential psychological contract outcomes. Possible outcomes include reactivation of the original pre‐violation contract, the formation of a new contract that may be more or less attractive than the original, or a state of dissolution wherein the victim fails to form a functional psychological contract with the employer. The research and practical implications of this model are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于AHPRS的露天矿边坡稳定性影响因素权重的确定

在分析边坡稳定影响因素的基础上,选取重度、内聚力、内摩擦角、边坡角、边坡高度、孔隙压力比6个影响边坡稳定的因素作为指标因子,提出利用层次分析法(AHP)和粗糙集理论(RS)相结合的方法(AHP-RS)进行指标权重的确定。经计算得出的指标权重按照从大到小的顺序排列为:内聚力、边坡角、内摩擦角、重度、边坡高度、孔隙压力比。AHP-RS作为一种主客观因素相结合的方法,能避免AHP的主观任意性及单独使用RS时出现权重为0的情况,所得结果能更准确地反映边坡的实际情况。     

员工不安全行为的尖点突变研究

为研究员工不安全行为的形成机理,在分析员工不安全行为影响因子的基础上,从突变理论出发,以员工的行为状态为状态变量,以安全意识与安全情景为控制变量,构建员工不安全行为的尖点突变模型.根据对北京、云南与河北的电力企业调研数据,利用统计突变模型的R语言程序包对员工不安全行为的尖点突变模型进行拟合.结果表明,安全情景为正则因子,安全意识为分裂因子,共同影响员工不安全行为的突变机制.伴随着员工不安全行为发生的双模态和自组织突变现象,可以有效地说明员工不安全行为的不连续性.同时,在安全管理实践中,员工不安全行为的预防作用大于治理.