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排序方式: 共有314条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
91.
Zerbinati O Pittavino S 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(6):395-398
BACKGROUND AND INTENTION: Aromatic sulphonates other than surfactants and their hydroxy and amino-derivatives are important intermediates for the production of azo dyes. Their production on a large scale can be detrimental for the environment, if the by-products of their synthesis are not disposed of appropriately. An industrial waste, the organic components of which were mainly amino and hydroxy-substituted aromatic sulphonates, seriously endangers the environment close to an dismissed Italian industrial site. Inorganic sulphates and chlorides contained in the waste seriously hinder its disposal by incineration, since they corrode furnace walls. In this work, preliminary exploration of aqueous-phase electrochemically and photochemically induced oxidation techniques have been performed as possible alternatives to incineration. METHODS: Electrochemically-induced oxidation was experimented on individual aromatic sulphonates and on an industrial waste by electrolysing them between smooth platinum electrodes at low temperature (5 degrees C) and high current densities (0.4 A/cm2) with aqueous 0.5 M NaHSO4 electrolyte. Photochemically-induced oxidation was performed by irradiating individual aromatic sulphonates or industrial waste with a 500 W mercury lamp in the presence of sodium peroxydisulphate. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: After 200 min electrodegradation, 90% of the original compounds disappeared, while 50% Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of an industrial waste was removed from solution after 10 hours. After 180 min UV-photodegradation, 90% of two test aromatic sulphonates disappeared, while 65% of TOC of industrial waste was removed after 5 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Two methods, electrochemical and UV-persulphate oxidation of an industrial waste, were used in order to propose a disposal procedure alternative to incineration. Electrodegradation with smooth Pt anode in 0.5 M NaHSO4 at 5 degrees C halved TOC concentration within 10 hours, while persulphate-assisted UV-photochemical oxidation with a 500 W high pressure Hg lamp abated two-thirds of TOC concentration after 5 hours. Energetic consumption of electrodegradation was 0.33 kWh/g TOC, while that of photooxidation was larger than 2 kWh/g TOC. Although both techniques can be considered efficient from a purely chemical point of view, since both are capable of wet-oxidising the aromatic sulphonates and the industrial waste, electrodegradation seems more promising than a photochemical degradation if economical considerations are also taken into account. Considering also that neither cell design nor catalyst were optimised in this preliminary study, the energy yield of electrodegradation seems likely to be largely improved. 相似文献
92.
Aniline degradation by electrocatalytic oxidation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The degradation of aniline solution in alkaline medium of pH 11.0 by electrocatalytic oxidation has been studied using an electrochemical reactor containing a SnO2–Sb2O3–PtO anode and a Ti cathode, both of 54 cm2 area. Hydroxyl radicals (HO√) are produced at the anode, being tested with the trace catcher salicylic acid and phenol by spectrophotometery and high performance liquid chromatography. Intermediates dianiline, 4-anilino phenol and azobenzol were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The existence of HO√ produced in the aniline degradation was assayed with scavenger tertiary butanol. The results showed that electrocatalytic oxidation is an effective process for the degradation of aniline. A general reaction pathway that accounts for aniline degradation to CO2 involving those intermediates is proposed. 相似文献
93.
94.
诺卡氏菌属对对苯二甲酸降解的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从活性污泥中分离驯化出一株能降解对苯二甲酸(TA)的诺卡氏菌属(文中称细菌A),经复壮后,接种于TA液体培养基中。研究证明,该细菌对TA废水CODCr的最大去除率可达49.46%。综合考虑不同氮源对细菌A的TA降解率和去除废水CODCr效率的影响,氯化铵是最佳的氮源。 相似文献
95.
采用GC-FPD(S)法测代森锰锌在黄瓜和土壤中的残留,通过优化前处理和检测条件,使方法在0.007 6 mg/L~3.80 mg/L范围内线性良好,在黄瓜和土壤中的方法检出限分别为5.12μg/kg和2.35μg/kg。黄瓜和土壤3个质量比水平的空白加标回收率分别为91.1%~96.5%和82.4%~90.5%,7次测定结果的RSD为5.0%~6.5%和2.4%~4.1%。将该方法用于研究代森锰锌在黄瓜和土壤中的消解动态,得知代森锰锌在黄瓜中的半衰期为3.63 d~4.77 d,在土壤中的半衰期为4.19 d~7.33 d。 相似文献
96.
97.
Ulrike Kammann Michael Vobach Werner Wosniok Andreas Schäffer Andreas Telscher 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(2):227-231
Background, aim and scope Nonylphenol (NP) can be detected in the aquatic environment all over the world. It is applied as a technical mixture of isomers
of which 353-NP is the most relevant both in terms of abundance (about 20% of total mass) and endocrine potential. 353-NP
is metabolised in sewage sludge. The aims of the present study were to determine and to compare the acute toxicity of t-NP,
353-NP and its metabolites as well as to discuss if the toxicity of 353-NP changes during degradation.
Materials and methods 353-NP and two of its metabolites were synthesised. The zebrafish embryo test was performed according to standard protocols.
Several lethal and non-lethal endpoints during embryonal development were reported. NOEL, LOEL and EC50 were calculated.
Results All tested compounds caused lethal as well as non-lethal malformations during embryo development. 353-NP showed a higher toxicity
(EC50 for lethal endpoints 6.7 mg/L) compared to its metabolites 4-(3.5-dimethyl-3-heptyl)-2-nitrophenol (EC50 13.3 mg/L) and 4-(3,5-dimethyl-3-heptyl)-2-bromophenol (EC50 27.1 mg/L).
Discussion In surface water, concentrations of NP are far below the NOEC identified by the zebrafish embryo test. However, in soils and
sewage sludge, concentrations may reach or even exceed these concentrations. Therefore, sludge-treated sites close to surface
waters should be analysed for NP and its metabolites in order to detect an unduly high contamination due to runoff events.
Conclusions The results of the present study point out that the toxicity of 353-NP probably declines during metabolisation in water, sediment
and soil, but does not vanish since the major metabolites exhibit a clear toxic potential for zebrafish embryos.
Recommendations and perspectives Metabolites of environmental pollutants should be included in the ecotoxicological test strategy for a proper risk assessment.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
98.
Mono-alkyl phthalate esters (MPEs) are primary metabolites of di-alkyl phthalate esters (DPEs), a family of industrial chemicals widely used in the production of soft polyvinyl chloride and a large range of other products. To better understand the long term fate of DPEs in the environment, we measured the biodegradation kinetics of eight MPEs (-ethyl, -n-butyl, -benzyl, -i-hexyl, -2-ethyl-hexyl, -n-octyl, -i-nonyl, and -i-decyl monoesters) in marine and freshwater sediments collected from three locations in the Greater Vancouver area. After a lag period in which no apparent biodegradation occurred, all MPEs tested showed degradation rates in both marine and freshwater sediments at 22 °C with half-lives ranging between 16 and 39 h. Half-lives increased approximately 8-fold in incubations performed at 5 °C. Biodegradation rates did not differ between marine and freshwater sediments. Half-lives did not show a relationship with increasing alkyl chain length. We conclude that MPEs can be quickly degraded in natural sediments and that the similarity in MPE degradation kinetics among sediment types suggests a wide occurrence of nonspecific esterases in microorganisms from various locations, as has been reported previously. 相似文献
99.
100.
采用新型工艺UV/微曝气对水中内分泌干扰物4-叔丁基苯酚(BP)进行降解研究.结果表明,UV/微曝气是一种高级氧化法,可以有效去除水中BP;UV/微曝气联用工艺降解BP受本底TOC值、BP初始浓度值、UV光强以及溶液初始pH影响较大.随着TOC值的降低,BP降解速率k1迅速增加;随着光强的增大,BP的降解速率呈线性增长;在189~410 μg/L浓度范围内,k1随着BP浓度的增大而逐步增大,在410~971 μg/L浓度的范围内,k1随着浓度的增大而逐步降低;pH 2.77~4.01范围内UV/微曝气对BP降解速率较大,pH 4.70~8.16范围内UV/微曝气对BP降解速率较低. 相似文献