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11.
根据现行的上海市和国家的超标污水征收标准的特点,提出制定新标准的5项原则。新标准的制定方案中,确定以y=a.x^β费用函数基础;用数理统计等方法,通过对污染排放标准,处理深度和处理费用3者关系的处理,得出二类污染物中,1级收费标准比现行2级收费标准上升30%、2级收费采用现行标准、3级收费标准比现行标准下降20-30%;并提出污染物收费的计算公式,经对方案的论证和测算,说明其有效好的可行性。 相似文献
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采取综合治理措施减少汽车排放污染 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
张德义 《石油化工环境保护》1998,(4):1-10
石油与汽车已成为一对密不可分的产生,彼此制约,相互促进,协调发展成为人类文明和社会进步不可缺少的物资和工具,随着石油和汽车工业的高速发展,它的负面效应威脸到人们的正常生活和国民经济的健康发展,因此必须采取综合治理措施制订国家,地方环保法规和排放标准,处理好石油,汽车和环境的关系,保持其协调,健康,快速发展。 相似文献
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渤海排污口邻近海域异养细菌的组成与分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对渤海4个重点监测排污口(北塘、大蒲河、弥河和虞河)邻近海域异养细菌的组成和分布进行了调查研究。结果表明,分离到的各排污口邻近海域的细菌隶属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Acti-nobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)4个细菌类群,其中变形菌门的细菌最丰富。各排污口的优势菌有所不同,北塘、弥河2个采样点的优势菌分别为Bacillus sp.、Pseudoalteromonas sp.,大蒲河采样点的优势菌为Vibrio sp.和Oceanospirillum sp.,虞河采样点的优势菌为 Shewanella sp.和 Bacillus sp.。多维尺度分析表明,北塘和虞河采样点的细菌种群特征较相近,细菌种群分布特征可能与排污口的海洋环境有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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放电等离子体与饲养酵母联合处理味精废水的初步研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对采用放电等离子体与饲养酵母联合处理味精废水进行了初步研究。结果表明,放电等离子体预处理后废水的CODcr值普遍升高,但经假丝酵母联合处理后CODCr去除率增加了38.3%,效果明显优于仅采用饲养酵母法处理的味精废水,说明放电等离子体预处理可使味精废水中的有机大分子破坏成小分子,有利于生物降解,为味精废水治理提供了一条新的途径。实验初步研究了联合处理后的CODcr去除率与预处理电压、预处理电流、预处理次数的关系,结果表明存在相应的最优值。 相似文献
19.
The consequence modelling package Phast examines the progress of a potential incident from the initial release to the far-field dispersion including the modelling of rainout and subsequent vaporisation. The original Phast discharge and dispersion models allow the released substance to occur only in the vapour and liquid phases. The latest versions of Phast include extended models which also allow for the occurrence of fluid to solid transition for carbon dioxide (CO2) releases.As part of two projects funded by BP and Shell (made publicly available via CO2PIPETRANS JIP), experimental work on CO2 releases was carried out at the Spadeadam site (UK) by GL Noble Denton. These experiments included both high-pressure steady-state and time-varying cold releases (liquid storage) and high-pressure time-varying supercritical hot releases (vapour storage). The CO2 was stored in a vessel with attached pipework. At the end of the pipework a nozzle was attached, where the nozzle diameter was varied.This paper discusses the validation of Phast against the above experiments. The flow rate was predicted accurately by the Phast discharge models (within 10%; considered within the accuracy at which the BP experimental data were measured), and the concentrations were found to be predicted accurately (well within a factor of two) by the Phast dispersion model (UDM). This validation was carried out with no fitting whatsoever of the Phast extended discharge and dispersion models. 相似文献
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《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2014,92(1):3-16
This paper discusses the validation of discharge and subsequent atmospheric dispersion for both unpressurised and pressurised carbon dioxide releases using the consequence modelling package Phast.The paper first summarises the validation of the Phast dispersion model (UDM) for unpressurised releases. This includes heavy gas dispersion from either a ground-level line source (McQuaid wind-tunnel experiments) or an area source (Kit-Fox field experiments). For the McQuaid experiments minor modifications of the UDM were made to support line sources. For the Kit Fox experiments steady-state and 20-s finite-duration releases were simulated for both neutral and stable conditions. Most accurate predictions of the concentrations for finite duration releases were obtained using the UDM Finite Duration Correction method.Using experiments funded by BP and Shell and made available via DNV's CO2PIPETRANS JIP, the paper secondly summarises the validation of the Phast discharge and dispersion models for pressurised CO2 releases. This modelling accounted for the possible presence of the solid CO2 phase following expansion to atmospheric pressure. These experiments included both high-pressure steady-state and time-varying cold releases (liquid storage) and high-pressure time-varying supercritical hot releases. Both the flow rate and the concentrations were found to be predicted accurately.The above validation was carried out with no fitting whatsoever of the Phast extended discharge and dispersion models. 相似文献