Evaluating cumulative effects of disturbance on the hydrologic function of bogs,fens, and mires

Few quantitative studies have been done on the hydrology of fens, bogs, and mires. Consequently predicting the cumulative impacts of disturbances on their hydrologic functions is extremely difficult. For example, few data are available on the role of bogs and fens with respect to flood desynchronization and shoreline anchoring. However, recent studies suggest that very small amounts of groundwater discharge are sufficient to radically modify mire surface-water chemistry, and consequently, vegetation communities and their associated surface-water hydrology. Bogs and fens are, in a sense, hydrobiologic systems, and any evaluation of cumulative impacts will have to (1) consider the complicated and little understood interactions among wetland hydrology, water chemistry, and biota, and (2) place the effect of individual wetland impacts within the context of the cumulative impacts contributed to the watershed from other geomorphic areas and land uses.It is difficult to evaluate the potential cumulative impacts on wetland hydrology because geologic settings of wetlands are often complex and the methods used to measure wetland streamflow, groundwater flow, and evapotranspiration are inexact (Winter 1988). This is especially so for bogs, fens, and mires underlain by thick organic soils. These wetlands, found in the circumboreal areas of North America, Europe, and Asia, are major physiographic features in eastern North America, northern Europe, and Siberia (Kivenen and Pakarinen 1981, Gore 1983, Glaser and Janssens 1986). Their very scale makes it difficult to quantify the hydrologic function accurately. The hydrology of small bogs and fens found elsewhere is just as poorly understood because of conflicting conceptual models of pertinent hydrologic processes.This article (1) reviews our current understanding of the hydrologic function of bogs, fens, and mires at different scales and in different physiographic settings and (2) presents hypotheses on potential cumulative impacts on the hydrologic function that might occur with multiple disturbances.     

基于改进达标检测法的跨区域排污权交易体系研究

由于污染排放存在时空与行业"热点"(hot spots)问题,针对非均匀污染物建立跨区域排污权交易体系具有一定困难。基于一种新的污染外部性度量系数,本文对传统的达标检测方法进行了改进,在此改进达标检测法上构建的跨区域排污权交易体系,能够在简化交易机制和管理工作的同时较好地解决"热点"问题,在社会总产出和总排污量不变的情况下实现社会福利的帕累托改进。     

内蒙古煤化工废水零排放中浓盐废水处理技术及存在的问题讨论

内蒙古自治区煤炭储量位居全国首位,同时又属于严重缺水地区,煤化工、盐化工等化工废水零排放为成了热点话题。浓盐水的处理成为制约化工废水零排放的关键技术。介绍了浓盐水的处理技术及存在的问题同时对主要处理技术的投资行进了比较分析。     

陕西省排污许可证后监管模式探索

陕西省进行了排污许可证后审计式合规核查、执法试点工作及案例研究,初步建立了审计式合规管理制度框架。在企业守法方面,以排污许可制精细化管理为目标,加强对排污单位环境管理制度建设工作的帮扶、监督、检查,建立全员参与的环境管理制度模式,落实企业守法主体责任。在政府监管方面,以执法计划为关键手段,建立非现场审计式核查和现场审计式执法检查的工作机制和工作程序,促使企业守法。     

选择性非催化还原法降低NOx在水泥工业中的应用

国内已经进行了选择性非催化还原法治理NOx有关的理论和实验室研究,但未见工程应用的报道。本文介绍了国外某水泥厂采用选择性非催化还原法降低NOx排放的应用实例。该工厂使用尿素作为还原剂,向分解炉内连续加入,有效地降低了废气中的NOx排放。介绍了选择性非催化还原法降低NOx排放设备的工艺流程、设备规格及运行参数。该厂应用结果表明,在一定范围内,随着尿素添加量的增加,NOx的排放量呈线性减少;增加尿素添加量,可以将NOx的排放量减少到一个很低的水平。     

A GIS Framework for Regional Modeling of Riverine Nitrogen Transport: Case Study,San Antonio and Guadalupe Basins

This article presents a framework for integrating a regional geographic information system (GIS)‐based nitrogen dataset (Texas Anthropogenic Nitrogen Dataset, TX‐ANB) and a GIS‐based river routing model (Routing Application for Parallel computation of Discharge) to simulate steady‐state riverine total nitrogen (TN) transport in river networks containing thousands of reaches. A two‐year case study was conducted in the San Antonio and Guadalupe basins during dry and wet years (2008 and 2009, respectively). This article investigates TN export in urbanized (San Antonio) vs. rural (Guadalupe) drainage basins and considers the effect of reservoirs on TN transport. Simulated TN export values are within 10 percent of measured export values for selected stations in 2008 and 2009. Results show that in both years the San Antonio basin contributed a larger quantity than the Guadalupe basin of delivered TN to the coastal ocean. The San Antonio basin is affected by urban activities including point sources, associated with the city of San Antonio, in addition to greater agricultural activities. The Guadalupe basin lacks major metropolitan areas and is dominated by rangeland, rather than fertilized agricultural fields. Both basins delivered more TN to coastal waters in 2009 than in 2008. Furthermore, TN removal in the San Antonio and Guadalupe basins is inversely related to stream orders: the higher the order the more TN delivery (or the less TN removal).     

关于重点排污单位名录制定和使用过程中存在的问题及建议

2017年11月,原环境保护部办公厅发布《关于印发重点排污单位名录管理规定(试行)的通知》,对重点排污单位的基本管理要求和筛选条件作出了详细规定。重点排污单位是国家重点监控企业的替代和延续,成为当前排污许可制度尚未完全成熟阶段环境管理的重要抓手。重点排污单位名录聚焦影响环境质量的主要污染物、排污大户和重大风险源,由设区的市级地方人民政府生态环境主管部门确定,有利于压实地方环保责任。在名录制定和使用过程中存在着部分指导性文件存疑、名录重点不突出、部分重点排污单位无法安装自动监测设备、不能满足新的环境监管需求、名录更新时间滞后、缺少罚则等问题,本文就此进行了深入分析并提出了几点建议。     

排污许可审计式合规核查研析——以火电企业为例

针对排污单位证后守法情况,以火电企业为例,设计了三阶段的“审计式”合规核查机制,主管部门可以依次对执行报告及其支撑材料、自行监测和台账记录等内容进行完整性、规范性、逻辑性核查,以识别企业在按证守法方面存在的问题,发现企业存在的未按期提交执行报告、未按技术规范要求计算排放量、台账数据不合逻辑等潜在的线索,为下一步进行现场检查及现场执法提供指引。     

排污许可量核算方法与体系研究——以沈阳市为例

为给沈阳市排污许可证发放与管理提供技术支持,提出了产排污系数法、标准限值法、物料衡算法、环评资料复用法、实测法结合应用的核算方法作为沈阳市排污许可证量核算方法,并对核算方法的使用条件及核算结果进行技术分析,为环境保护部门"一证式"管理提供了科学的执法依据,为企业按证排污提供技术指导。     

关于“总量”问题的思考

对有关总量（水体纳污总量、污染物排放总量和目标断面通量）的内涵及总量监测技术的关键环节（布点采样、项目频次、实验室分析和数据处理方法）进行了论述