谈高效节能的褐煤应用技术

褐煤,一种煤化程度较低的易燃化石,在全球的煤炭储量中占据40％。在目前全球以化石能源为主体的结构下,褐煤的综合利用越来越受到世界能源专家的重视。本文主要讨论褐煤在发电、深加工等方面的节能利用技术。     

石化装置综合风险分析方法研究

为有针对性地对石化装置失效后果进行风险分析和经济风险计算,将RB.eye软件与API 581相结合,提出一种创新的石化装置综合风险分析研究方法。首先对一套装置中的设备和管道使用RB.eye软件得到风险矩阵进行风险分级,根据分级结果,筛选出高风险设备和管道。然后对筛选出的设备和管道运用API 581进行后果风险分析。并运用此方法研究催化重整预处理装置。结果表明:将RB.eye软件与API 581相结合的方法能够快速筛选风险分析目标,有助于有针对性地进行后果风险分析。     

Sorption-enhanced chemical looping oxidative steam reforming of methanol for on-board hydrogen supply

Hydrogen is an indispensable energy carrier for the sustainable development of human society. Nevertheless, its storage, transportation, and in situ generation still face significant challenges. Methanol can be used as an intermediate carrier for hydrogen supplies, providing hydrogen energy through instant methanol conversion. In this study, a sorption-enhanced, chemical-looping, oxidative steam methanol-reforming (SECL-OSRM) process is proposed using CuO–MgO for the on-board hydrogen supply, which could be a promising method for safe and efficient hydrogen production. Aspen Plus software was used for feasibility verification and parameter optimization of the SECL-OSRM process. The effects of CuO/CH3OH, MgO/CH3OH, and H2O/CH3OH mole ratios and of temperature on H2 production rate, H utilization efficiency, CH3OH conversion, CO concentration, and system heat balance are discussed thoroughly. The results indicate that the system can be operated in auto-thermal conditions with high-purity hydrogen (99.50 vol％) and ultra-low-concentration CO (<50 ppm) generation, which confirms the pos-sibility of integrating low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (LT-PEFMCs) with the SECL-OSRM process. The simulation results indicate that the CO can be modulated in a lower concentration by reducing the temperature and by improving the H2O/CH3OH and MgO/CH3OH mole ratios.     

Reforming of CO2-containing natural gas with steam in AC gliding arc discharge for hydrogen production

In this study, a low-temperature gliding arc discharge system was used to investigate the effects of steam content and operational parameters, i.e. total feed flow rate, applied voltage, and input frequency, on the reforming performance of CO₂-containing natural gas. The addition of steam less than 10% was found to enhance both selectivities for hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a significant reduction of power consumptions. The highest hydrogen selectivity and yield with the lowest power consumptions were achieved at a steam content of 10 mol%, a total feed flow rate of 100 cm³/min (corresponding to a very short residence time of 1.37 s), an applied voltage of 13.5 kV and an input frequency of 300 Hz. Under these optimum conditions, the oxidative dehydrogenation reactions to produce hydrogen were dominant with the minimum activities of all undesired reactions of cracking and coupling. Both of the short residence time (1.37 s) with a low bulk temperature (lower than 200°C) in the plasma zone under atmospheric pressure, indicate that the studied plasma reactor (gliding arc system) is superior to conventional catalytic reactors for reforming of natural gas.     

Design and optimization of new La1−xCexNi1−yFeyO3 (x,y = 0–0.4) nano catalysts in dry reforming of methane

The paper reports the production of syngas from dry reforming of methane (DRM) over La_1?xCe_xNi_1?yFe_yO₃ (x, y = 0–0.4) perovskites. A series of La_1?xCe_xNi_1?yFe_yO₃ were designed by central composite design (CCD) and synthesized by a sol–gel auto combustion method. Artificial neural network (ANN) approach was used to determine the relationship between preparation and operational parameters on the performance of the catalysts in the DRM process. Nickel mole fraction, lanthanum mole fraction, calcination temperature, and reaction temperature were considered as input variables, and conversion of methane was considered as the output variable. An ANN model with nine neurons in the hidden layer was the suitable in predicting conversion of methane. The genetic algorithm (GA) was subsequently used to determine the optimal preparation condition for enhancing the conversion of methane. La_0.6Ce_0.4Ni_0.99Fe_0.01O₃ catalyst, calcined at 756°C was obtained to be the most active catalyst owing to the optimal composition of nickel and lanthanum in the catalyst formulation.     

油库污染源治理经验探讨

就吐哈油田油库的安全储运管理及污染源的综合防治工作进行了探讨,并将所得经验做了归纳总结。     

重庆大气中TSP和自然干沉降的化学组成及其浓度贡献

本文分别对重庆大气颗粒物中TSP、自然干沉降的化学组成及其浓度水平进行了阐述.Ca元素在TSP中位居第一.而Fe元素在干沉降中位居第一.     

新型干法水泥生产线废气污染物治理技术研究

介绍了生产能力2000t·d-1的新型干法水泥生产线生产过程产生废气(主要是粉尘)的情况,针对废气排放特点,采用包含末端治理在内的综合治理措施进行治理。治理工程运行稳定,处理效果达到《水泥厂大气污染物排放标准》(GB4915-1996)Ⅲ时段二级标准和无组织排放二级标准的要求。     

废弃电子设备的资源化研究发展现状

分析了废弃电子设备的主要特点、资源化回收与利用的不同方法及其优缺点，并详细介绍了废弃电子设备机械处理的研究及工业应用现状。