汽车零部件金属卤素灯阳光模拟试验与户外自然曝晒的相关性研究

目的 探究汽车零部件金属卤素灯阳光模拟加速试验与户外自然曝晒的关系。方法 使用3种典型高分子透明材料分别进行阳光模拟加速试验、AIMBOX/Arizona户外曝晒和Florida户外曝晒,基于试验后样品的黄变值,比较阳光模拟试验与户外曝晒的相关性,并对阳光模拟试验与户外曝晒的加速性进行探讨。结果 阳光模拟（IP/DP箱）加速试验与AIM BOX/Arizona户外曝晒高度相关,综合加速倍率约是AIM BOX/Arizona户外曝晒的3倍。阳光模拟（IP/DP箱外）加速试验与Florida户外曝晒高度相关,综合加速倍率是Florida户外曝晒的7倍。结论 基于3种典型材料研究可知,汽车零部件阳光模拟加速试验与典型户外自然曝晒具有一定相关性。     

Investigation of long-term river water quality variations using different urbanization indices and assessment of common scientific perspectives of urbanization on water quality

This study investigated the water quality variation spanning 30 years (1986–2017) in 16 catchments of Hong Kong against different urbanization indices, namely, built area fraction; population; and product of population and built area fraction. Pearson correlations of three different periods of time (1988–1990, 1998–2000, and 2015–2017) indicated that water quality trends were dependent on the urbanization index. Total solids, nitrite-nitrogen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and flow rate had significant deteriorative trends (Pearson r > 0.5 and p < 0.05) with population and product of built area and population. Results also interpreted that built area fraction and product of built area and population were the worst and best indices that represented urbanization and/or its impacts, respectively. Mann-Kendall test for the entire 30 year period showed that water quality had improved with time with respect to certain water quality parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids). The results portrayed that although the urbanization of catchments had increased with time, the river water quality with respect to many parameters showed signs of improvement and the legislative measures implemented seemed to be effective in controlling pollution.     

全球主要森林系统中植被汞分布特征及其影响因素

基于过去20a全球森林植被中汞循环过程的相关研究,本文通过荟萃分析法阐明全球主要森林类型中植被汞分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明,汞在植被中浓度排序特征(以中值计)依次为凋落物(38.9ng/g)>叶片(24.1ng/g)>树根(18.5ng/g)>树皮(13.2ng/g)>树枝(12.0ng/g)>树干(3.1ng/g...     

苏通大桥结构健康状态评估技术研究与应用(2):主梁损伤预警

为了建立"环境因素归一化"的苏通大桥主梁损伤预警方法,本文对苏通大桥主梁240天的小波包能量谱与温度实测数据进行了季节相关性研究。分析结果表明,苏通大桥主梁的小波包能量谱与温度具有明显的季节相关性,其特征频带能量比的日平均值,随着温度的季节变化在一年中可以发生平均约200%的变化。在此基础上,采用6次多项式模型对小波包能量谱—温度进行了统计建模,并采用均值控制图法对特征频带能量比的异常变化进行了统计模式识别。结果表明,运用本文方法可以有效地消除温度的季节变化对斜拉桥实测小波包能量谱的影响,较好地识别出结构损伤引起的特征频带能量比10%的异常变化,适合于苏通大桥主梁的实时在线监测。     

Potassium carbonate-based ternary transition temperature mixture (deep eutectic analogues) for CO2 absorption: Characterizations and DFT analysis

•Addition of hindered amine increased thermal stability and viscosity of TTTM. •Addition of hindered amine improved the CO₂ absorption performance of TTTM. •Good the CO₂ absorption of recycled solvents after two regenerations. •Important role of amine group in CO₂ absorption of TTTM confirmed by DFT analysis. Is it possible to improve CO₂ solubility in potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃)-based transition temperature mixtures (TTMs)? To assess this possibility, a ternary transition-temperature mixture (TTTM) was prepared by using a hindered amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to detect the functional groups including hydroxyl, amine, carbonate ion, and aliphatic functional groups in the prepared solvents. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the addition of AMPD to the binary mixture can increase the thermal stability of TTTM. The viscosity findings showed that TTTM has a higher viscosity than TTM while their difference was decreased by increasing temperature. In addition, Eyring’s absolute rate theory was used to compute the activation parameters (ΔG*, ΔH*, and ΔS*). The CO₂ solubility in liquids was measured at a temperature of 303.15 K and pressures up to 1.8 MPa. The results disclosed that the CO₂ solubility of TTTM was improved by the addition of AMPD. At the pressure of about 1.8 MPa, the CO₂ mole fractions of TTM and TTTM were 0.1697 and 0.2022, respectively. To confirm the experimental data, density functional theory (DFT) was employed. From the DFT analysis, it was found that the TTTM+ CO₂ system has higher interaction energy (|ΔE |) than the TTM+ CO₂ system indicating the higher CO₂ affinity of the former system. This study might help scientists to better understand and to improve CO₂ solubility in these types of solvents by choosing a suitable amine as HBD and finding the best combination of HBA and HBD.     

Sequence of the main geochemical controls on the Cu and Zn fractions in the Yangtze River estuarine sediments

Metal speciation can provide sufficient information for environmental and geochemical researches. In this study, based on the speciation determination of Cu and Zn in the Yangtze Estuary sediments, roles of eight geochemical controls (i.e., total organic carbon (TOC), clay, Fe/Mn in five chemical fractions and salinity) are fully investigated and sequenced with correlation analysis (CA) and principal components analysis (PCA). Results show that TOC, clay and Fe/Mn oxides are key geochemical factors affecting the chemical speciation distributions of Cu and Zn in sediments, while the role of salinity appears to be more indirect effect. The influencing sequence generally follows the order: TOC>clay>Mn oxides>Fe oxides>salinity. Among the different fractions of Fe/Mn oxides, residual and total Fe content, and exchangeable and carbonate Mn exert the greatest influences, while exchangeable Fe and residual Mn show the poorest influences.     

春季和夏季辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属的分布及来源

为研究辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其来源,于2013年5月(春季)和8月(夏季)在辽东湾设置38个采样点,采集表层沉积物样品,测定6种典型重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As)的质量分数,并采用相关性、主成分及聚类分析对重金属来源进行研究. 结果表明:春季和夏季辽东湾表层沉积物中w(Cu)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)、w(Cd)、w(Hg)、w(As)平均值分别为28.77、26.62、108.89、0.50、0.03、12.09 mg/kg和26.05、24.22、71.93、0.22、0.05、11.03 mg/kg;单因子方差分析结果表明,w(Cu)、w(Zn)、w(Cd)、w(Hg)在春季和夏季有显著差异,w(Pb)、w(As)无差异. 重金属高值区春季主要分布在辽东湾北部西侧小凌河口外至葫芦岛以南海域,夏季主要分布在北部河口及鲅鱼圈、金州湾附近,低值区均位于辽东湾中部海域. 春季辽东湾表层沉积物重金属的来源主要包括有机质络合、海上活动、工业排污入海与河流所携带的工业和生活污水,夏季来源主要包括海上活动、工业排污入海、河流携带的工业和生活污水以及地表径流. 所调查的38个采样点重金属在污染程度上可分为3类,其中Cu、Zn、Hg和As属轻度污染,Pb属中度污染,Cd为严重污染;整体空间分布特点为西部和北部近河口区域重金属质量分数偏高,中部远河口海域较低.      

基于物元可拓模型的尾矿库溃坝风险评价研究

为准确的评价尾矿库溃坝风险等级,建立了物元可拓评价模型:首先确定风险评价指标体系与评价标准,通过隶属函数对评价标准进行隶属化,解决其因特征值超出节域范围导致关联函数失效问题与因量纲不一致而造成的不可公度性问题;然后确定其经典域、节域与待评物元,为评价尾矿库溃坝风险等级提供前提条件;再通过计算简单关联函数值与初等关联函数值,确定各评价指标的权重与各等级的可拓关联度;最后依据最大关联原则,确定风险等级,并计算等级变量特征值以更准确的评价其等级。工程实例应用表明,该方法应用于尾矿库溃坝风险评价准确、符合实际情况。     

矿井通风网络复杂度与风机控制力量化计算

为了探究矿井通风网络复杂度与风机控制力的关系,提出分支关联度、最小距离、通风网络复杂度和风机控制力的概念。利用vCad2.0进行数字实验,对网络复杂度与风机控制力的关系进行定量研究。结果表明:随着网络复杂度的增加,矿井通风系统的有效风量率减小,且认为该值减小到60%时,视为风机控制力的极限,此时网络拓扑结构为风机所能控制的最大网络复杂度。地面集中供风时,同时工作的中段数量存在上限,最大值为7。将结论用于某有色金属矿进行实证研究,找出该矿深部中段通风困难的原因,为矿井进一步整改提供理论依据。     

区域水资源可持续利用评价指标体系构建

基于区域水资源可持续利用评价指标体系（Indicators System for Sustainability AssessmentofWater Resources Use, ISSAWRU）构建的一般方法与步骤,论文围绕初始、优化和评价检验三个过程构建ISSAWRU;针对ISSAWRU构建中的指标信息重复和干扰问题,提出相关分析与粗糙集Horafa 属性约简算法相结合的方法实现指标体系的优化,并采用灰色系统理论与粗糙集耦合的评价方法对优化结果进行评价检验。以福建省为例,9 个设区市为研究单元,依据可持续发展理论,从水资源条件、开发利用状况、生态环境和社会经济四个方面,构建由30 项指标组成的初始ISSAWRU,通过筛选得到由12 项指标构成的优化ISSAWRU,进而对这两套指标体系进行评价。结果分析表明：相关分析与粗糙集Horafa 属性约简算法相结合的指标信息优化方案是可靠的;筛除重复和干扰指标信息,简化了繁杂的指标体系,降低了后续评价的计算复杂度,并且信息筛选后的优化ISSAWRU比初始ISSAWRU评价结果更合理。