用HL离心萃取器处理含对硝基酚废水的研究

溶剂萃取法是目前回收处理含高浓度对硝基酚废水的有效方法.选用QH-1为萃取剂,采用HL离心萃取器对含对硝基酚废水的处理进行了实验研究.实验结果表明,对于对硝基酚硝酸溶液-QH-1体系,对硝基酚的分配比是1103.4,用Φ20 mm HL离心萃取器处理对硝基酚废水时,在合适的操作条件下,单级传质级效率E和三级串联萃取率ρ都可达99%以上,三级串联的反萃率也可达98%以上.     

石油降解菌XD-1产表面活性剂的性能

从含油废水中筛选分离到1株原油降解菌XD-1,鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseuomonas sp.).初步实验表明菌XD-1具有较强的产表面活性剂乳化原油的作用,对该菌的产表面活性剂性能进行了研究.实验证明,菌XD-1所产表面活性剂为脂肽类物质,菌在生长对数期产表面活性剂,表面活性剂的产生为生长相关型;充足的碳源是产表面活性剂的必需条件,菌利用原油为碳源时能持续大量地产表面活性剂;原油和尿素为产表面活性剂的最适碳源和氮源,菌XD-1产表面活性剂的最佳营养培养基组成为葡萄糖10 g,尿素4 g,磷酸二氢钾1 g,微量元素液4 mL,水1 L,pH 8.0.     

用HL离心萃取器处理含对硝基酚废水的研究

溶剂萃取法是目前回收处理含高浓度对硝基酚废水的有效方法。选用QH-1为萃取剂，采用HL离心萃取器对含对硝基酚废水的处理进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，对于对硝基酚硝酸溶液-QH-1体系，对硝基酚的分配比是1103．4，用Φ20mmHL离心萃取器处理对硝基酚废水时，在合适的操作条件下，单级传质级效率E和三级串联萃取率ρ都可达99％以上，三级串联的反萃率也可达98％以上。     

生物铁法去除维生素B1生产废水中COD的试验研究

生物铁法是一种新型的强化活性污泥法，处理高浓度、难生物降解维生素B1生产废水具有很大的优势。当进水COD浓度维持在8000mg／L时，COD的去除率可达94％以上，比普通活性污泥法高出9．7％。生物铁法污泥絮凝沉淀效果好，能保证系统有较高浓度的回流污泥，从而使曝气池的污泥浓度得到提高，COD的去除率也会相应地提高。     

四路D1格式的MPEG4音视频压缩PCI卡实现

本文介绍了一种采用VW2005芯片的4路MPEG-4数字监控系统音视频压缩编码卡的设计与实现方案,其中包括多路音视频数据采集和MPEG-4压缩编码模块,编码后的数据码流通过PCI总线传送至计算机功能模块以及驱动过程,并介绍了板卡与主机之间实现数据通讯的机制.     

Greenwashed sports and environmental activism: Formula 1 and FIFA†

ABSTRACT

Formula 1 motor sport and the Men's World Cup of association football, two major sporting events on our calendars, are indirectly and directly responsible for environmental despoliation. They serve as advertisements for heavy industry, are designed for elite as much as mass consumption, and provide sponsors with dubious social licenses to operate. This occurs through the very mechanisms of the events themselves (engines in Formula 1, tourism in the World Cup) as well as their promotional externalities. I look at greenwashing claims made about these two sporting events and examine counter-discourses, then investigate economic and ecological citizenship. I suggest that a progressive agenda can be forwarded if Greenpeace, which runs campaigns related to these sports, works with its fellow elites, in the case of Formula 1, and with fans in the case of football. Doing so may be more effective than business-as-usual direct action.     

Transepithelial transport and cellular accumulation of steroid hormones and polychlorobiphenyl in porcine kidney cells expressed with human P-glycoprotein

Endocrine disrupters such as sex hormone-like chemicals and the non-physiological ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) exert many adverse biological effects. The ligands for AhR disturb gene expression downstream of the gene induced by estrogen receptor at a very low concentration. Thus, transepithelial transport and cellular accumulation of cortisol (COR) and estrogen as congeners of sex hormone-like chemicals, and 3,3^′,4,4^′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TeCB) as one of the ligands for AhR were examined in a monolayer of porcine kidney cells transfected with human P-glycoprotein (LLC-COL). The net basal-to-apical transport of COR increased in LLC-COL compared to that in the wild type cells (LLC-PK1) the same as in vinblastine, whereas the net transport of estradiol (EST) was not detected in either cell group. Though the diffusion transports of EST for both directions, basal-to-apical and apical-to-basal, were higher than that of COR, cellular accumulation of EST was higher than that of COR. Transepithelial transport of TeCB was very low and the net basal-to-apical transport was not detected, while it was highly accumulated in the epithelial cells. The accumulation was slightly higher in LLC-COL than in LLC-PK1 at high dose.     

1H-NMR-based metabolomic study on toxicity of methomyl and methidathion in fish

A ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with multivariate analysis was applied to detect the toxicity of antiacetylcholinesterase insecticides, methomyl (methyl (1E)-N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)ethanimidothioate) and methidathion (3-(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl sulfanylmethyl)-5-methoxy-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one), using zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Chinese bleak (Aphyocypris chinensis). Generally, methomyl and methidathion have been believed not to highly accumulate in fish tissues. However, these pesticides showed their toxicity by altering patterns of whole-body metabolites in neurotransmitter balance, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and muscle maintenance in low concentrations. We used Pearson correlation analysis to contextualize the metabolic markers in pesticide treated groups. We observed that the positive correlations of choline with acetate and betaine in untreated control were shifted to null correlations showing acetylcholinesterase specific toxicity. This research demonstrated the applicability and potential of NMR metabolomics in detecting toxic effects of insecticide with a modicum of concentrations in aquatic environment.     

大肠杆菌JM105中硝酸盐还原酶的制备及其性质

近年来,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的污染已引起普遍关注。目前,蔬菜和粮食的NO3-含量过高主要由于农药和化肥的使用、工业废水或生活污水灌溉等,食品类主要来自腌制食品和食品添加剂或防腐剂等。另外,向乳制品或食品中参碱、食盐、化肥、脏水、碱性水等也是硝酸盐污染的来源之一。因此,迫切需要快速、简便、可用于现场的硝酸盐检测方法。这就需仰赖生物酶方法,而生物酶方法的关键是酶制剂的制备和检测方法的建立。本研究通过筛选、厌氧和硝酸盐诱导培养、超声波细胞破碎和差速离心提取等方法,从大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)JM105细胞膜中制备了硝酸盐还原酶并对其性质进行了研究。结果表明:从大肠杆菌JM105中制得的酶制剂活力很高,且在酶过量的情况下可将NO3-完全转化为NO2-,在用磷酸缓冲液清洗并冷冻保藏过夜后不含有亚硝酸盐还原酶。在加入黄素单核苷酸辅酶(FMN)后,该酶的活力可提高64%,比活力达0.42U·mg-1蛋白。该酶十分稳定,在40℃下24h活力无影响,在浓度为1mmol·L-1的Cu2 、Fe3 、Ca2 、Zn2 、Mg2 和Mo6 存在下,其活力亦不改变。因此,该酶可用于测定食品、蔬菜和环境中硝酸盐的含量。