地铁施工灾害关键警兆监测指标研究

为实现地铁施工灾害警兆的实时监测和重点跟踪,预防和减少地铁施工灾害的发生,应用WBS-RBS及关联规则对地铁施工灾害关键警兆监测指标进行科学选取。通过分析以往地铁施工事故,针对基坑工程采用WBS-RBS方法,全面识别施工过程中的风险源,并运用基坑工程警兆监测指标关联规则模型对"地墙渗漏"警兆的20组样本数据进行计算分析,得到警兆与监测指标的频繁项集,从而甄选出关键警兆监测指标。结果表明,由于关联规则的存在,当警兆监测指标组合中某个指标超过阈值时,组合中可能存在其他指标同时超过其指标阈值,因此这时应加强对其他指标的监测。     

Eleventh week amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of some metabolic diseases

We report the results of 23 prenatal diagnoses performed at the 11th or 12th week of gestation by the simultaneous analysis of chorionic villi (for direct or indirect enzymatic analysis) and cell-free amniotic fluid (for search of accumulated catabolites). For six cases of citrullinaemia, four cases of argininosuccinic aciduria, seven cases of propionic acidaemia, and six cases of methylrnalonic acidaemia, three discrepancies were observed between the two methods used. The amniotic fluid analysis for accumulated catabolites seems to be a safe method and should always be used in conjunction with the enzymatic assays performed for the prenatal diagnosis of these diseases.     

Loft features reveal the functioning of the young pigeon’s navigational system

It is thought that young homing pigeons are able to use information acquired en route for their initial homeward orientation. However, the cues involved and mechanisms utilised are under discussion. Blocking light-dependent route-specific information during the first leg of an outward journey detour, together with analysis of pigeons that were raised under different loft conditions, allowed us to correctly evaluate the functioning of this mechanism and, more generally, the navigational map of birds. Pigeons from the same stock were raised and kept in two different lofts. The birds in the experimental groups were transported to the release sites via detours, and light-dependent information was denied during the first half of the outward journey (no compass information was available). Control birds were transported by the most direct route and had access to all available information. In general, the results showed that the low-loft birds preferred to use magnetic compass cues, whereas the high-loft birds preferred to use navigational map cues to collect information of the first part of the outward journey. The impairments observed in the homing performances of the experimental groups highlight the reliability of information collected inside the map area. Relevant to an understanding of the route-reversal mechanism was the evidence that this mechanism is able to function in the absence of compass information (birds raised in a wind-exposed loft show a detour effect). In systems where directional information could be provided by multiple sources, processing and extracting accurate course trajectories through a common mechanism may prove more efficient and reliable.     

Deer predation on leaf miners via leaf abscission

The evergreen oak Quercus gilva Blume sheds leaves containing mines of the leaf miner Stigmella sp. (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) earlier than leaves with no mines in early spring in Nara, central Japan. The eclosion rates of the leaf miner in abscised and retained leaves were compared in the laboratory to clarify the effects of leaf abscission on leaf miner survival in the absence of deer. The leaf miner eclosed successfully from both fallen leaves and leaves retained on trees. However, sika deer (Cervus nippon centralis Kishida) feed on the fallen mined leaves. Field observations showed that deer consume many fallen leaves under Q. gilva trees, suggesting considerable mortality of leaf miners due to deer predation via leaf abscission. This is a previously unreported relationship between a leaf miner and a mammalian herbivore via leaf abscission.     

预报预警在地质灾害防治中的应用

本文介绍了江西地质灾害气象预报模型的建立、计算方法,以及预警预报在地质灾害防治工作中获得的成功,对类似条件地区的地质灾害防治工作,具有一定的借鉴作用.     

徐州市环境安全监测预警系统的建设与保障

介绍了徐州市环境安全监测预警系统的建设背景、适用范围与构成,明确了环境安全监测预警系统在徐州市国民经济和社会发展中的重要地位,阐述了徐州市应急监测系统与预警系统的职责与建设现状,总结了徐州市环境安全监测预警系统运行保障的思路与措施。     

自然崩落法顶板稳定性监测分析与预警研究*

为有效预警自然崩落法开采过程中顶板大面积崩落,确定顶板失稳预警期,基于微震、时域反射、钻孔电视等综合监测数据,研究岩体失稳过程点监测数据及微震活动性参数变化特征。结果表明:基于多源参数可有效预警顶板失稳事件,但点监测无法兼顾整个采区顶板,大尺度区域性监测主要依靠微震监测系统;根据顶板失稳事件前后b值、累积视体积、能量指数、施密特数等微震活动性参数变化特征,确定普朗铜矿顶板失稳预警期为24 d。研究结果可为后续整个采区其他区域顶板稳定性监测预警工作提供借鉴。     

森林公园景观水系自动监测水质预警体系研究

以奥运森林公园南区景观水系为背景,探讨了如何建立基于自动监测的水质预警体系.水质预警体系中包含5个部分:风险因素自动识别、风险因素定量化分析和预测、水质预测、水质警报指标体系与水质预警、对策及防范措施.结合奥运森林公园南区景观水系的具体情况,分析了上述水质预警体系中各部分的主要实现方法,给出了动态率定法、统计模型法、机...     

地表水水质自动监测预警方法初探

基于目前我国地表水水质自动监测现状,初步探讨了地表水水质自动监测预警方法体系,提出了水质自动监测预警的整体技术路线,搭建基于突变型预警和渐变型预警的多种预警模型组框架,可以实现对单因子、多因子组合,趋势、状态等不同情况的异常水质数据进行预警,保证了预警的可靠性和准确性。通过实例分析,从水质自动监测数据集成、异常数据判定清洗、预警模型建立与运行、预警信息处理等方面介绍了水质自动监测预警的实现方法。     

人群应急疏散模型构建及疏散效率分析研究*

为更系统地分析社会网络内预警传播对人群疏散效率影响,以江苏德桥仓储有限公司“4·22”较大火灾事故为背景,构建人群应急疏散模型,模拟不同预警策略应用下社会预警传播及人群疏散动态过程,分析不同情景动态演化特征。研究结果表明:高效预警策略确保多数人被预警、疏散的同时,会造成人群集聚性疏散,引发严重交通拥堵,需采取有效方法降低交通实时承载量,保障疏散速度,进一步提升疏散效率。研究结果可为完善应急疏散方案提供借鉴。