基于动态数据驱动的煤矿瓦斯异常涌出风险预警系统设计*

为解决煤矿瓦斯异常涌出风险预警过程中过度依赖系统模型,不能动态实时修正预测模型,预测、预报精准度和可靠度不高的难题,基于动态数据驱动技术,搭建瓦斯异常涌出风险预警系统架构,探讨动态数据驱动的瓦斯涌出监测曲线拟合、动态预警模型选择和修正、预警系统研发等关键性技术,开发基于动态数据驱动的瓦斯异常涌出风险预警系统软件。结果表明:动态数据驱动技术在煤矿瓦斯异常涌出风险预警方面具有强大的信息处理和问题求解能力,可实现仿真系统与实际系统间的动态响应和控制功能,并实时反馈修正,使预测结果更加精确、可靠,设计研发的预警系统可在矿井受瓦斯异常涌出威胁时发出可靠的预警信号。     

岩溶隧道突涌水预警体系的建立

为加强岩溶隧道突涌水预警的准确性,基于理论分析方法及岩溶隧道实际特点,提出溶洞侵入及未侵入隧道两类情况下的岩溶隧道突涌水预警体系的建立方法.通过理论分析,确定了突涌水的主要影响因素及其发生过程中变化显著的监测项目.选择溶洞特质、水的变化、岩盘破损程度、节理裂隙形态为预警体系的主要评价指标.根据溶洞与隧道相对位置关系,建...     

磷酸酯酶活性对餐厨垃圾单相厌氧消化抑制的预警作用

为了研究磷酸酯酶活性对餐厨垃圾单相厌氧消化抑制的预警作用,考察了单相CSTR反应器在容积负荷2.0~8.5kgVS/(m3·d)条件下的酸性和碱性磷酸酯酶活性,并同步分析了挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)、容积产气率、pH值的变化.结果表明,酸性和碱性磷酸酯酶活性在容积负荷为2.0~4.0kgVS/(m3·d)时,平均值为14.1,9.8μgNP/(h·mL);容积负荷为5.0~7.5kgVS/(m3·d)时,其平均值为138.4,23.6μgNP/(h·mL);容积负荷为8.5kgVS/(m3·d)的超负荷阶段达到峰值318.1,51.5μgNP/(h·mL)后快速下降.磷酸酯酶活性骤升的时间较VFAs、容积产气率骤降超前2d、较pH值的骤降提前1d.磷酸酯酶活性较常规指标VFAs、容积产气率和pH值等对单相厌氧消化抑制具有一定的预警作用.     

活性污泥丝状膨胀早期预警的研究进展

活性污泥法是目前处理污水的一种有效方法,在应用过程中,频频发生的污泥膨胀现象成为影响污水处理效率的难题,对污泥膨胀进行早期预警调控研究,已成为该领域关注的热点问题.本文阐述了丝状菌引起的污泥膨胀预警研究的进展情况,从污泥常规指标测定、形态观察和分子生态学3个方面对丝状污泥膨胀的预警方法进行了综述,对各种方法的优点与不足展开讨论,并在此基础上归纳出一些改进的措施,展望了丝状污泥膨胀预警的应用前景.     

Developmental stress affects song learning but not song complexity and vocal amplitude in zebra finches

Several recent studies have tested the hypothesis that song quality in adult birds may reflect early developmental conditions, specifically nutritional stress during the nestling period. Whilst all of these earlier studies found apparent links between early nutritional stress and song quality, their results disagree as to which aspects of song learning or production were affected. In this study, we attempted to reconcile these apparently inconsistent results. Our study also provides the first assessment of song amplitude in relation to early developmental stress and as a potential cue to male quality. We used an experimental manipulation in which the seeds on which the birds were reared were mixed with husks, making them more difficult for the parents to obtain. Compared with controls, such chicks were lighter at fledging; they were thereafter placed on a normal diet and had caught up by 100 days. We show that nutritional stress during the first 30 days of life reduced the birds’ accuracy of song syntax learning, resulting in poorer copies of tutor songs. Our experimental manipulations did not lead to significant changes in song amplitude, song duration or repertoire size. Thus, individual differences observed in song performance features probably reflect differences in current condition or motivation rather than past condition.     

基于BP神经网络的水环境承载力预警研究——以北运河为例

为了预测水环境承载力未来可能出现的超载状态并提出警告,达到水环境风险管控的目的,本文构建了基于BP神经网络的水环境承载力预警方法体系,并在北运河流域开展了实证研究.所构建预警模型包括COD、氨氮、总磷承载力预警子模型和水资源承载力预警子模型,且模型拟合效果较好（平均绝对百分比误差在20%左右）.研究结果表明：朝阳区、海淀区等8个行政区落在了红灯重警区域,水环境承载力超载状况最为严重;位于北运河中下游的石景山区、广阳区、北辰区和香河县处于橙灯中警区域;昌平区、顺义区等5个行政区处于黄色轻警区域;怀柔区和延庆区处于绿色无警区域,状况较好.最后,为了排除警情,基于双向调控的原则,本文从水环境全过程控制角度,分别对各区域提出了调控区域人口规模及经济发展方式、治理面源污染等具体排警措施.     

弓长岭露天铁矿采空区稳定性及预警研究

采空区对露天矿的安全生产具有极大的威胁。针对弓长岭露天矿众多已探明的采空区进行了稳定性分析。对露天矿日常的爆破作业进行了爆破测振,统计回归出萨道夫斯基经验公式参数,获得了爆破振动对空区产生的荷载。建立了采空区顶板三铰拱承载的力学模型,推导了空区顶板稳定性的判据。利用数值模拟方法,计算拱形空区在不同荷载作用下稳定性,对弓长岭露天铁矿已探明各空区进行了预警,为弓长岭露天矿处理空区及安全生产提供依据。     

化工园区安全监控系统研究

化工园区内重大危险源数量多、密度大,存在着发生重特大事故的现实性和可能性。因此,亟需建立化工园区安全监控系统对化工园区内的固定危险源、危险工艺过程、危化品车辆和公共区域重要部位进行动态监控和安全监管,预防和消除事故风险,并为化工园区安全监控与事故应急提供技术支持。提出了化工园区安全监控系统系统硬件架构,介绍了化工园区安全参数设置方法、安全监控流程和事故预警机制,提出了系统软件的总体架构和功能。     

天然水体溶解性有机物(DOM)分级组分对典型城市源污染的荧光响应

运用化学(树脂)分级方法和三维荧光光谱技术,从总体溶解性有机物(DOM)到DOM各分级组分,逐步深入考察其总体分级特征及各组分三维荧光特征对典型城市生活源污染的响应特征和机理. 总体DOM分级特征对污染的产生和变化响应较弱,而DOM的分级组分对生活源污染具有较好的响应特性. DOM的总体分级特征表明,无污染的源头水DOM中以憎水酸(HoA)为主(相对含量最高),其次为亲水性物质(HiM),而受污染水体DOM中的憎水性碱和中性物质(HoBN)及弱憎水酸(WHoA)的绝对含量和相对含量均明显增高,表明用HoBN和WHoA组分相对含量的增加指示污染的增加具有一定的可行性. 研究各分级组分的三维荧光光谱结构特征表明,HoA,HoBN及HiM均对城市源污染具有良好的响应特性,受污染水体的HoA和HoBN组分荧光特征信息更为突出和丰富,且主要为具有紫外吸收的生物代谢类蛋白物质;最为特异的是WHoA组分,其在源头水中主要为含共轭结构的富里酸类物质,而在受污染水体中该类物质几乎消失且荧光响应也急剧降低. 分析式分级法获得的水体DOM主要分级组分对城市源污染具有较好的响应特性.      

Social network properties within a fish assemblage invaded by non-native sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus

Network theory is commonly used to reveal social interactions and the organisation of interconnected nodes—but has not yet been applied to animal invasions. Non-native species invasions are now considered one of the foremost threats to natural ecosystems and biodiversity. This is the first attempt to assess social network properties within a freshwater fish assemblage invaded by a non-native fish species. We show that invasive sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus is socially more strongly interconnected with native species than the native species with each other. The social networks also reveal characteristics of a ‘small world’ such as low clustering coefficients C and short path lengths L. The findings may indicate potential traits of successful invaders and the implication for the spread of pathogens between individuals within a group of animals that contain a non-native invasive species. The success of establishment and subsequent invasion may be highlighted not only by the capacity of the new species to adapt to the new environment, but also in its capacity to penetrate the social circle of the native community.