空中交通安全预警管理研究

介绍空中交通安全预警管理的研究背景,分析空中交通安全预警管理的需求和功能,指出安全管理模式从事后管理向事前管理转变,是提高空管系统预防事故能力的当务之急。基于空管安全预警管理的理论和现实条件,提出了空管安全预警管理规划方案和基本原则。研究结论表明,空管安全预警管理具有充分的主动性而使系统维系于良好的安全状况。     

青藏高原铁路沿线泥石流灾害预警技术及行车安全保障措施

分析了青藏高原泥石流类型及其在高原分布情况,目前正在建设的青藏线和规划中的其他高原铁路都面临泥石流的威胁,研究高原铁路沿线泥石流预警技术具有必要性和实用价值。笔者利用模糊神经网络方法建立了判定泥石流灾害发生可能性的预警模型。根据预警结果,将泥石流威胁条件下的行车安全保障作业分为预报、预警和警报3个阶段,并制定了不同阶段的行车安全保障措施。     

重大危险源监控系统发展历程

从重大危险源安全监管的现实需求出发，对重大危险源监控系统进行全面系统地研究，及时掌握重大危险源监控技术的发展进程，是安全科研工作的必需．本文对重大危险源监控系统的发展历程进行研究与总结，指出各类监控系统的优缺点，便于科研人员及时了解与掌握重大危险源监控技术的最新进展，为重大危险源安全监管提供重要的科技支撑。     

应急预警即时指令技术有效遏制事故发生

在化工企业中通过系统科学辨识危险源,针对危险源安全控制数据,采用OPC通讯接口标准,利用网关机和防火墙隔离技术,实现安全的与生产系统数据链接,建成危险源实时监控与应急预警信息系统的有效链接;通过Web实时画面对现场危险源数据进行监控,数据出现波动立即启动相应预案中的应急措施,利用移动公司的企信通服务,利用面向对象语言采用Socket接口编程,自主开发短信模块接口程序;通过系统调用预警模块实现短信监报功能,应用短信瞬间发布应急预警指令,为应急处理赢得时间,有效地遏制安全生产事故的发生。     

预防矸石山自燃在“动态”中掌控技术要点

在研发矸石山自燃预警技术中着重了解煤矸石山自燃机理,同时对煤矸石堆积中矸石内部的动态的要素探索,达到阻断煤矸石自燃的目的,矸石山自燃区的准确定位和自燃的早期临界温度监控很重要,所以,很有必要针对矸石山自燃预警系统的研发来确保煤矿生产安全,促进恢复矸石山生态环境着手于基础工作。     

大伙房水库水质生物在线监控预警及其健康风险评估

采用水质、鱼类、藻类自动在线监测技术,监控预警大伙房水库水质生态安全。应用基因毒物质和躯体毒物质所致健康危害的风险评估方法对大伙房水库水质健康风险进行评估。结果表明：水质监控预警,北杂木和古楼的总氮为重警,其他均为无警。青鲻鱼在线监控预警,生物毒性在35以下,水质预警为无警。大伙房水库库区水质中躯体毒物质所致健康危害的顺序为铅〉汞〉氰化物〉氨氮〉挥发酚。对人体健康危害的个人风险均小于10^-9／a,远远超过瑞典环保局、芬兰建设和环境部推荐的最大可接受水平1.0×10^-6／a。     

Storm impacts along European coastlines. Part 1: The joint effort of the MICORE and ConHaz Projects

The current paper discusses the topic of marine storm impact along European coastlines, presenting results from two FP7 Projects currently focusing on this topic, one working on the physical aspects of the problem (MICORE) and the other one on the socio-economic implications (ConHaz).The MICORE Project aims to provide on-line predictions of storm-related physical hazards (hydrodynamic as well as morphodynamic). The ConHaz Project addresses the socio-economic implications should these (or other) hazards actually materialize. Together these projects aim to deliver crucial information for emergency response efforts, while realizing the practical limitations for information processing and dissemination during crisis situations.The MICORE Project has developed and demonstrated on-line tools for reliable predictions of the morphological impact of marine storm events in support of civil protection mitigation strategies. The project specifically targeted the development of early warning and information systems to support short term emergency response in case of an extreme storm event. The current paper discusses in detail the outcome of an activity of databasing historical storm data. No clear changes in storminess were observed, except for some storm proxies (e.g. surges) and only at some locations (e.g. northern Adriatic, southern Baltic, etc.).The ConHaz Project undertook a desktop study of the methods normally used for evaluating the impact of marine storms and the associated coastal hazards considering direct costs, costs due to disruption of production processes, indirect costs, intangible costs, and costs of adaptation and mitigation measures. Several methods for cost estimation were reviewed. From the review it emerged that normally end-users only evaluate direct costs after the storms, while the cost of adaptation and mitigation measures is only done strategically in the context of Integrated Coastal Zone Management plans. As there is no standardized method for cost evaluations in this field, it is suggested that clear guidelines should be produced on the basis of simplicity for use by end-users. The integration between historical databases of the physical parameters of storms and detailed cost evaluation information would support the development of a knowledge background in end-users and justify the development of adaptation strategies.     

建立河流水质污染预警体系 保护河流水质安全

建立河流水质预警体系对保障河流水质安全具有极其重要的作用,是保护河流水质安全的重要内容之一。本文针对国内河流潜存的环境污染及事故风险现状,提出建立流域污染预警系统、河流水环境风险评估体系以应对河流突发污染事件发生,确保河流水环境安全,实现河流水资源可持续利用。     

寒地黑土生态环境监测预警体系的构建

上个世纪八十年代以来,一些国际组织和国际合作项目都纷纷建立了生态环境监测和研究体系,例如美国的LTERN、英国的ECN、IGBP、联合国环境署（UNEP）在全球范围内建立的“全球环境监测系统”（GEMS）以及联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）和国际科联（ICSU）建立的全球陆地生态系统观测体系（GTOS）等等。目前中国还没有一个能够有效覆盖寒地黑土全区域生态与环境动态监测体系,这不符合可持续发展的要求。论文阐述了构建寒地黑土生态环境监测预警指标体系的原则及思路,认为寒地黑土区域内生态环境治理监测预警体系应包括生态环境治理动态监测体系、诊断分析监测体系和对策措施体系,重点对诊断分析监测体系的指标构成进行了介绍。     

The mammal assemblage of the hominid site TM266 (Late Miocene, Chad Basin): ecological structure and paleoenvironmental implications

Characterizing the paleoenvironmental context of the first hominids is a key issue for understanding their behavioral and morphological evolution. The present study aims at reconstructing the paleoenvironment of the TM266 vertebrate assemblage (Toros-Menalla, Northern Chad) that yielded the earliest known hominid Sahelanthropus tchadensis (7 Ma). For the first time, a quantitative analysis is carried out on the fossil mammal assemblage associated with that hominid. Two complementary approaches were applied: (1) the analysis of the relative abundances of taxa and their habitat preferences; and (2) the study of the distribution of taxa within three meaningful ecovariables: locomotion, feeding preferences, and body mass. The resulting taxonomic and paleoecological structures are used to reconstruct the diversity and the relative extent of the habitats in that part of northern Chad seven million years ago. The paleoenvironment was composed of open areas with dry and humid grasslands, prevailing over wooded habitats. Water was also widely available as freshwater bodies and certainly swamps. It appears that the high habitat diversity of the landscape is a common feature among paleoenvironments associated with early hominids.