崇明东滩不同部位的季节性沉积研究

2002年4月至2003年4月，通过对崇明东滩南部、中部和北部的标志桩观测以及实地观测分析，发现崇明东滩在一年中不同季节冲淤变化过程存在很大差异：春季到夏季，南部以冲刷为主，中部和北部以淤积为主；夏季到秋季，南部和中部以淤积为主，北部表现为冲刷；秋季到冬季，南部、中部和北部都以冲刷为主；头一年冬季到次年春季，南部和北部以淤积为主，中部则表现为冲刷。在同一观测路线上，不同季节高、中、低潮滩冲淤也存在一定差异。通过对沉积物粒度、水体含沙量等指标的测试，并借助潮差等资料，探究了影响潮滩季节性沉积的因素，发现潮滩季节性沉积与潮滩基础地貌、水体含沙量、水动力、潮流等有密切关系；但在不同部位不同季节，各因素对潮滩冲淤影响程度各不相同。     

蒙城地震台地磁绝对观测数据处理分析软件

蒙城地震台地磁绝对观测数据主要通过手工方式计算处理,由于内容多而繁琐,很容易出现人为错误,而且工作效率不高。本文介绍了“蒙城地震台地磁绝对观测数据处理分析软件”,该软件将绝对观测日常数据处理工作有效整合,形成了流程,提高了数据处理效率。并能够对数据进行误差统计、趋势分析等,以了解观测资料的实际状况。     

Changes in earth’s dipole

The dipole moment of Earth’s magnetic field has decreased by nearly over the past 150 years and by about 30% over the past 2,000 years according to archeomagnetic measurements. Here, we explore the causes and the implications of this rapid change. Maps of the geomagnetic field on the core–mantle boundary derived from ground-based and satellite measurements reveal that most of the present episode of dipole moment decrease originates in the southern hemisphere. Weakening and equatorward advection of normal polarity magnetic field by the core flow, combined with proliferation and growth of regions where the magnetic polarity is reversed, are reducing the dipole moment on the core–mantle boundary. Growth of these reversed flux regions has occurred over the past century or longer and is associated with the expansion of the South Atlantic Anomaly, a low-intensity region in the geomagnetic field that presents a radiation hazard at satellite altitudes. We address the speculation that the present episode of dipole moment decrease is a precursor to the next geomagnetic polarity reversal. The paleomagnetic record contains a broad spectrum of dipole moment fluctuations with polarity reversals typically occurring during dipole moment lows. However, the dipole moment is stronger today than its long time average, indicating that polarity reversal is not likely unless the current episode of moment decrease continues for a thousand years or more.     

装置核料位计放射源的监测及防护对策

介绍了聚丙稀核料位计放射源的管理、维护、监测和防护改进情况,以及应采取的防护措施.     

深井开采巷旁充填沿空留巷围岩活动规律研究

随着我国煤矿开采深度的逐年增加,瓦斯含量逐渐增大且赋存异常,回采工作面瓦斯超限问题严重威胁着煤矿的安全生产,而沿空留巷则是解决工作面瓦斯超限问题的最有效途径,但沿空留巷顶板稳定性控制问题则制约了沿空留巷技术在我国更广泛地推广应用。本文以顾桥矿1115(1)采煤工作面沿空留巷的成功案例为背景,全面研究分析了沿空留巷围岩活动的基本规律,对类似条件下的沿空留巷围岩控制具有重要的指导意义,使沿空留巷技术在我国得到更广泛的推广应用具有积极的现实意义。     

PH玻璃电极对比观测及误差研究

经过对PH玻璃电极对比观测实验，总结其在日常观测中衰减变化规律，以及PH电极失效前所具有的特征；讨论了对现有PH观测数据进行修正的方法，并编著相关修正程序；分析日常存在的测量误差，提出提高观测精度的措施。     

A model of oscillatory transport in granular soils, with application to barometric pumping and earth tides

A simple algebraic model is proposed to estimate the transport of a volatile or soluble chemical caused by oscillatory flow of fluid in a porous medium. The model is applied to the barometric pumping of vapors in the vadose zone, and to the transport of dissolved species by earth tides in an aquifer. In the model, the fluid moves sinusoidally with time in the porosity of the soil. The chemical concentration in the mobile fluid is considered to equilibrate with the concentration in the surrounding matrix according to a characteristic time governed by diffusion, sorption, or other rate processes. The model provides a closed form solution, to which barometric pressure data are applied in an example of pore gas motion in the vadose zone. The model predicts that the additional diffusivity due barometric pumping in an unfractured vadose zone would be comparable to the diffusivity in stagnant pore gas if the equilibration time is 1 day or longer. Water motion due to the M2 lunar tide is examined as an example of oscillatory transport in an aquifer. It is shown that the tidal motion of the water in an aquifer might significantly increase the vertical diffusivity of dissolved species when compared to diffusion in an absolutely stagnant aquifer, but the hydrodynamic dispersivity due to tidal motion or gravitational flow would probably exceed the diffusivity due to oscillatory advection.     

成都冬季一次持续污染过程气象成因及气溶胶垂直结构和演变特征

基于气溶胶激光雷达观测和环境监测站污染物浓度数据、气象观测资料及HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式,分析了2017年12月中下旬,成都市一次本地积累和沙尘输送影响的持续污染过程中污染物浓度、污染物来源、天气系统和气溶胶消光系数的垂直分布及演变.结果表明:①此次污染过程持续时间长,根据气象条件和主要污染物种类,分为本地污染累积、北方沙尘输送和混合影响3个阶段.②本地污染积累阶段,消光系数垂直分布不均匀,受湿度、太阳辐照与逆温层等气象因子的影响,垂直结构变化较大.消光系数最大值多出现在250 m附近,此阶段退偏比数值很小.③沙尘影响阶段,消光系数较前期明显下降,高值区位于250 m及2 km处.退偏比显示沙尘粒子于29日午后开始逐渐抵达成都市2 km高空,并于夜间达到峰值.退偏比相较本地污染累积阶段明显增大,各时段退偏比结构类似,近地面数值略低于高空.④混合影响阶段,消光系数强度小幅回升,退偏比显示有部分沙尘粒子漂浮在1～2 km高度上.     

基于CESM-EnSRF系统全球甲烷及臭氧卫星资料同化试验研究

臭氧(O3)与甲烷(CH4)均是大气中重要的微量气体,对全球气候变化有着重要的影响.为提高全球范围的臭氧、甲烷在气候模式中的预报效果,使用集合平方根滤波(En SRF)同化方法及地球系统模式(CESM)构建了CESM-En SRF卫星资料同化预报系统,并通过设计试验,将大气红外探测器(AIRS)的臭氧与甲烷观测资料同化到气候模式中,对模式的同化再预报效果进行系统的测试与评估.结果显示,臭氧、甲烷分析集合均值的偏差及均方根误差皆低于背景集合均值的偏差及均方根误差.臭氧、甲烷的同化再预报偏差及均方根误差较控制实验都得到改善,但对5 h Pa以上高度臭氧预报准确性的改进效果很小.随循环同化的进行,平流层臭氧与甲烷的平均同化改进率呈增加趋势,并逐渐趋于稳定;对流层平均同化改进率随时间变化不明显.试验表明,该系统可有效利用臭氧与甲烷的观测资料对模式场进行合理的改善,从而有效地提高臭氧、甲烷在气候模式中的再预报效果,但对于平流层顶-中间层高度(5 h Pa以上)臭氧预报准确度的提高,模式中臭氧光化学过程的准确模拟较同化观测资料具有更重要的作用.此外,循环同化对提高5~150 h Pa高度臭氧及1~200 h Pa高度甲烷在CESM模式中的预报效果最有效.     

利用Google Earth研究构造对喀斯特地貌的控制和对碳酸盐岩岩系风化成土的影响

通过互联网Google Earth欧洲卫星图像资料的观察,发现贵州喀斯特地区碳酸盐岩风化成土能力与地层岩性、构造和地貌等密切相关。二叠系生物礁石漠化显著,成土能力差;三叠系大冶组薄层灰岩成土能力高,很少有石漠化;地层倾角大的碳酸盐岩区,石漠化不显著;地层平缓的碳酸盐岩区,石漠化强或中等,碳酸盐岩风化成土能力中等。另外,大型节理带对碳酸盐岩风化成土具有明显的控制作用,节理带碳酸盐岩溶蚀相对强烈,常形成低洼地形,碳酸盐岩风化成土速率较高,红粘土堆积相对厚,不容易石漠化;而节理带间的区域往往地形较高,是石漠化易发育的区域。