生态安全评价系统及工作程序

全球范围内生态安全形势越来越严峻 ,某些区域生态安全态势已经威胁到人类的生存与可持续发展。生态安全评价研究越来越受到研究人员的关注。笔者从系统工程角度出发 ,提出了生态安全评价系统的新概念 ,介绍了组成生态安全评价系统的 5个要素 ,即评价主体、评价对象、评价目的、评价标准和评价方法 ,并探讨了生态安全评价工作程序 ,将为区域生态安全评价的研究与应用提供理论基础。     

生态城市的数学模型建立

本文首先论述了生态城市的概念和内涵；其次对于目前的生态城市的系统模型和指标体系进行了综述；然后建构了新的生态城市数学模型，重点讨论了建构该模型的理论基础及其指标体系的相关运算；最后指出该生态系统数学模型的理论和实践意义并对今后相关研究进行展望。     

四川盆地农牧区生态失调的综合整治初探

四川盆地农林牧区是处于我省腹心地带，人口稠密，经济发展较快。本文针对该区出现的自然灾害现状，提出该区发展方向，和具体措施，供有关部门领导参考。     

The reversible process concept applied to the environmental management of large river systems

The wetland ecosystems occurring within alluvial floodplains change rapidly. Within the ecological successions, the life span of pioneer and transient stages may be measured in several years or decades depending on the respective influences of allogenic (water dynamics, erosion, and deposition) and autogenic developmental processes (population dynamics, eutrophication, and terrestrialization). This article emphasizes the mechanisms that are responsible for the ecosystem changes and their importance to environmental management. Two case studies exemplify reversible and irreversible successional processes in reference to different spatial and temporal scales. On the scale of the former channels, the standing-water ecosystems with low homeostasis may recover their previous status after human action on the allogenic processes. On the scale of a whole reach of the floodplain, erosion and deposition appear as reversible processes that regenerate the ecological successions. The concepts of stability and reversibility are discussed in relation to different spatiotemporal referential frameworks and different levels of integration. The reversible process concept is also considered with reference to the energy inputs into the involved subsystems. To estimate the probability of ecosystem regeneration or the cost of restoration, a concept of degrees of reversibility is proposed.     

A conceptual model for assessing ecological risk to water quality function of bottomland hardwood forests

Ecological risk assessment provides a methodology for evaluating the threats to ecosystem function associated with environmental perturbations or stressors. This report documents the development of a conceptual model for assessing the ecological risk to the water quality function (WQF) of bottomland hardwood riparian ecosystems (BHRE) in the Tifton-Vidalia upland (TVU) ecoregion of Georgia. Previus research has demonstrated that mature BHRE are essential to maintaining water quality in this portion of the coastal plain. The WQF of these ecosystems is considered an assessment endpoit—an ecosystem function or set of functions that society chooses to value as evidenced by laws, regulations, or common usage. Stressors operate on ecosystems at risk through an exposure scenario to produce ecological effects that are linked to loss of the desired function or assessment end point. The WQF of BHRE is at risk because of the ecological and environmental quality effects of a suite of chemical, physical, and biological stressors. The stressors are related to nonpoint source pollution from adjacent land uses, especially agriculture; the conversion of BHRE to other land uses; and the encroachment of domestic animals into BHRE. Potential chemical, physical, and biological stressors to BHRE are identified, and the methodology for evaluating appropriate exposure scenarios is discussed. Field-scale and watershed-scale measurement end points of most use in assessing the effects of stressors on the WQF are identified and discussed. The product of this study is a conceptual model of how risks to the WQF of BHRE are produced and how the risk and associated uncertainties can be quantified.     

灾害生态学问题研究

灾害生态学是从生态进化的角度上研究灾害问题，其目的在于通过对生态灾害的界定，生态灾害成因分析，来寻求防止或减轻生态灾害的有效途径．文章从灾害与生态进化的关系入手，阐述了研究灾害生态学问题的重要意义，提出了当前灾害生态学研究的主要问题，为灾害生态学的研究提供了一条新的思路。     

Modification of ecological footprint evaluation method to include non-renewable resource consumption using thermodynamic approach

This study is to modify the ecological footprint methodology by incorporating non-renewable or abiotic resources as an additional category. The use of abiotic resources can be quantified as global hectare by using thermodynamic approaches. A detailed case study on various countries including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Japan, USA, and Vietnam shows the advantage of using the new modified ecological footprint (EF) as an indicator for sustainable development. The modified EF includes not only biotic resources, but also the abiotic resources. The case study indicates that the modified EF differs from the traditional EF up to 123% in the case of Belgium, and 90% in the case of Australia. For developing countries such as Brazil and Vietnam, the differences are relatively smaller (21% for Brazil and 9.4% for Vietnam). The estimated total ecological footprint of the world using the new method implies more serious problems associated with over consumption than using results from the original ecological footprint method.     

小流域生态经济的实践与探索

我国的小流域治理工作已经开展了几十年，在治理水土流失方面取得了一定的成效。如何巩固已取得的成绩，实现小流域的可持续发展引起了广泛关注。本文通过阐述生态经济的概念，指出小流域生态经济系统存在的问题，并结合小流域的特点探讨了在小流域建设生态经济的途径。     

生态影响评价在旅游景区中的应用--以中山陵园风景区外缘景区为例

采用生态影响评价的工作方法，以中山陵园风景区外缘景区为例，在分析外缘景区生态现状的基础上，从土地利用与水土流失状况、森林群落状况、生物多样性、生态系统等方面对规划产生的生态影响进行了评价，得出外缘规划的实施总体上有利于景区生态可持续发展的结论，最后对评价中有待改进的方面做了几点探讨。     

崇明生态岛建设生态环境指标体系研究

2005年出台的<崇明三岛总体规划(2005～2020年)>明确要将崇明建设成为环境和谐优美、资源集约利用、经济社会协调发展的现代化生态岛区.目前,通往崇明的长江隧桥建成通车,将加速推动岛域社会经济发展,同时也给生态环境带来不可估量的压力.基于崇明岛域生态环境特征,运用P-S-R模型理论,构建了崇明生态岛生态环境指标体系,包括3个方面:资源环境压力、生态环境质量、环境调控管理,以及20个指标;分析计算了各指标的2007年本底值.在此基础上,根据相关规划、标准和国内外类似先进区域的发展目标,确定了2012年的目标值.最后,分析指标现阶段存在差距,并提出积极推进崇明生态岛建设的生态环境保护建议,为政府决策提供依据.