墨水河流域分阶段综合治理规划研究

"十三五"期间,墨水河流域作为青岛市重点流域之一,要求全面消除城市黑臭水体,水环境质量得到阶段性改善。为实现这一目标,通过墨水河流域现状调查,找出流域内污染问题,从流域综合治理角度,结合水质改善目标与动态流量下的自净能力模拟计算,提出改善墨水河水环境的治理技术方案,实现全面消除劣V类水体、恢复水环境基本功能。     

外度水库底泥重金属的分析及潜在生态风险评价

对莆田市外度水库底泥中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd、As的含量进行分析。采用潜在生态风险指数法,研究了底泥中重金属的污染水平及其生态危害。结果表明:莆田市Mn、Cu、Zn和Cd的含量高于福建省土壤重金属含量背景值。底泥中重金属的潜在生态风险评价显示:外度水库底泥中重金属具有轻微的生态风险。各种重金属的污染程度为:Cd>Cu>As>Ni>Zn>Pb>Mn>Cr>Fe。外度水库底泥的重金属潜在生态风险主要是由于底泥Cd的潜在生态风险系数过高所造成。在此基础上,对产生的原因进行了分析并提出了治理的建议。     

河流底质中汞污染的潜在生态风险评价——以上海市嘉定区为例

采用地累积指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,通过分析上海市嘉定区境内29条河流底质采样点中汞含量,定量确定了嘉定区河流底质中汞的污染程度和潜在生态风险程度。结果表明:嘉定区河流底质中汞污染比较严重,外围地区比中心城区污染严重,特别在横沥河民主街泰康桥段受到汞极强污染,对周围环境存在极高的汞生态风险。     

基于半荒漠脆弱生态环境下煤矿开采环境综合治理研究

煤矿开发对周围环境产生的破坏及衍生、次生灾害不断增加。人类对此的认识和对相关领域的研究不断全面和深入。结合煤矿开采对环境的直接及间接影响,本文从根本上对半荒漠环境下的煤矿开采环境保护提出了一些针对性的措施,对于内蒙、新疆等类似地区的煤矿开采提供参考。     

苏北灌河口多介质多环芳烃污染调查及生态风险分析

于2018年1,7和11月对苏北灌河口典型介质中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染现状进行了调查。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对水样、沉积物、植株和生物样品中16种PAHs富集组成特征及生态风险进行分析。结果表明,水相,悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中PAHs平均值均为枯季(1 998 ng/L, 2 987 ng/g, 1 056 ng/g)高于洪季(1 698 ng/L, 630 ng/g, 558 ng/g);不同季节水相、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中均以2+3环PAHs为主;水相中苯并[a]蒽(BaA)、[艹屈](CHR)、苯并[b+k]荧蒽(B[b+k]FA)质量浓度高于美国环保署(US EPA)推荐的水质量标准,悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中芴(FL)和菲(PHE)对水生生物可能存在不利影响;互花米草和芦苇的落叶效应使得沉积物中PAHs质量分数高于光滩;芦苇根系沉积物和互花米草根系沉积物中PAHs的组成差异较大;成熟期(11月)蟹体内PAHs平均质量分数远高于生长期(7月),蟹体内更易富集低环数(2+3环)PAHs。     

武汉市东湖抗生素污染现状及生态风险评估

对东湖水域内16个点位进行采样,采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪对28种抗生素做了污染现状调查及生态风险评估。研究发现,有20种抗生素在不同点位被检出,检出浓度由高到低为：喹诺酮类、氯霉素类和磺胺类,污染物检出情况总体呈现“南高北低,东高西低”的结果。考虑到东湖南部采样点位周边有多个农业种植、水产养殖和畜禽养殖地及其对东湖的潜在抗生素污染,证实了人类活动与抗生素污染密切相关。对抗生素采用风险商法做生态风险评估,结果表明,东湖南部采样点位的恶喹酸和氟甲喹的生态环境风险处于较低水平,其他抗生素的生态风险可以忽略。     

人口资源生态环境与可持续发展初探

主要介绍了人口、资源、生态环境与可持续发展所面临的问题，可持续发展的必要性。分析了污染原因、污染物对人、社会的危害。提出污染物防治及环境管理对策。     

Classification of coastal waters according to the new Italian water legislation and comparison with the European Water Directive

New legislation for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and ground waters has recently been established in Italy. This law presents a new integrated approach, where all water bodies are considered as complex ecosystems to be studied in each of their components. The new concept of environmental quality of the water body, based on the ecological and chemical status, is also introduced. At the same time (i.e. the end of 2000), the European Community approved the European Water Framework Directive based on the same basic environmental concepts and criteria of the new Italian law. This paper analyses the important points and innovations required by the new Italian legislation for monitoring and classification of marine coastal waters. Details of definitions, parameters, analysis and monitoring programs are discussed. A comparison with the European Water Framework Directive is eventually given, underlining the specific characteristics of the Mediterranean sea, which have to be taken into consideration when applying the European Directive to this particular ecoregion.     

A targeting approach for ecosystem protection

The Critical Ecosystems Team of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 5, has developed an approach to prioritize and target ecologically high-quality areas for enhanced environmental protection in the Midwestern states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Using this approach, we intend to employ a pro-active strategy to protect the environment by protecting and restoring natural ecosystems rather than the traditional EPA approach of remediating and attempting to restore already degraded habitats. The approach consists of two components: (1) partnership and (2) criteria. For the partnership component, we collected, mapped, and summarized information on ecosystems considered critical to federal and state agencies, tribes and non-profit organizations. Multi-county areas with high numbers of ecosystems identified by a variety of partners were designated as ‘Ecologically Rich Regions’. These Ecologically Rich Regions highlight broad geographic areas where there are high levels of partner interest and, correspondingly, areas with high potential for forming collaborative partnerships for enhanced environmental protection. The second component, which relies on criteria, is still under development and defines critical ecosystems as having three important properties: (1) high ecological diversity, (2) potential for long-term sustainability and (3) presence of relict native ecosystems or communities. The information compiled under both components of this ecosystem targeting approach will inform ecological risk managers and assessors about important ecosystems that should be considered in risk management and assessment processes.     

港口生态工程管理系统及评价方法研究

提出了建立港口生态工程管理的模式及指标体系，探讨了港口生态工程评价方法。