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751.
《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2013,7(4):411-427
Citizen participation is a recurrent and democratically important issue in the ongoing debate about climate change. However, different meanings are ascribed to citizen participation in different contexts, ranging from top-down involvement to bottom-up engagement, thus creating tension between conflicting ideals. Focusing on public engagement and its construal in different situational contexts, we explore how citizens are discursively included or excluded from participation, as various climate change discourses unfold in two forums where local needs and global concerns interact. Furthermore, we address some opportunities and barriers regarding citizen participation in climate change issues. 相似文献
752.
长荡湖生态环境现状及防治对策 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
长荡湖是太湖流域的重要湖泊之一,分析了引起该湖生态环境恶化的主要原因,提出控制污染源,减少污染物进入湖体的关键措施,采取压缩网网养殖规模,推广轮牧式养殖工艺,实施全年封草并培植沉水植物,防止长荡湖由草型湖泊向藻型湖泊的转变,逐步恢复长荡湖的生态环境。 相似文献
753.
754.
Preston BL 《Environmental management》2002,29(3):311-323
Understanding toxicant effects at higher levels of biological organization continues to be a challenge in ecotoxicology and
ecological risk assessment. This is due in part to a tradition in ecotoxicology of considering the direct effects of toxicants
on a limited number of model test species. However, the indirect effects of toxicity may be a significant factor influencing
the manner in which ecosystem structure and function respond to anthropogenic stressors. Subsequently, failure to incorporate
indirect effects into risk assessment paradigms may be a significant source of uncertainty in risk estimates. The current
paper addresses the importance of indirect effects in an ecotoxicological context. Laboratory, mesocosm, and whole ecosystem
research into indirect effects is reviewed. The implications of indirect effects for ecological risk assessment and potential
areas of profitable future research are also discussed. 相似文献
755.
Restoration,stewardship, environmental health,and policy: understanding stakeholders' perceptions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Burger J 《Environmental management》2002,30(5):0631-0640
In recent years there has been considerable interest in the health of humans and the environment, restoration of contaminated
or otherwise degraded lands, and in long-term stewardship of public lands. Unfortunately, it is unclear whether governmental
agencies and the public hold similar views about the meanings of these concepts, making policy decisions about restoration
and stewardship difficult. In this paper, I explore how the public conceptualizes restoration and stewardship by examining
the relative rating of several attributes of restoration, stewardship, environmental health, ecological health, environmental
restoration, and ecological restoration. People were interviewed in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, near the Department of Energy's
Los Alamos National Laboratory. The ratings of attributes of environmental health and ecological health reported in this paper
can be used to understand how the public understands these concepts. The attributes rated most highly by the subjects were
more similar to definitions in the scientific literature for these terms than they were to those used by the Department of
Energy. For environmental health, the highest rating related to human sanitation, while for ecological health the highest
rating was for maintaining functioning ecosystems. Reduction of exposure to hazardous substances was rated the second highest
for both environmental and ecological health. The wise use of natural resources, preservation of natural resources, and hazardous
waste site cleanup were rated the highest attributes of stewardship. These data suggest that both expert and nonexpert perceptions
about restoration and stewardship should be incorporated into environmental management decisions. 相似文献
756.
A procedure for incorporating spatial variability in ecological risk assessment of Dutch river floodplains 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Floodplain soils along the river Rhine in the Netherlands show a large spatial variability in pollutant concentrations. For
an accurate ecological risk characterization of the river floodplains, this heterogeneity has to be included into the ecological
risk assessment. In this paper a procedure is presented that incorporates spatial components of exposure into the risk assessment
by linking geographical information systems (GIS) with models that estimate exposure for the most sensitive species of a floodplain.
The procedure uses readily available site-specific data and is applicable to a wide range of locations and floodplain management
scenarios. The procedure is applied to estimate exposure risks to metals for a typical foodweb in the Afferdensche and Deestsche
Waarden floodplain along the river Waal, the main branch of the Rhine in the Netherlands. Spatial variability of pollutants
is quantified by overlaying appropriate topographic and soil maps resulting in the definition of homogeneous pollution units.
Next to that, GIS is used to include foraging behavior of the exposed terrestrial organisms. Risk estimates from a probabilistic
exposure model were used to construct site-specific risk maps for the floodplain. Based on these maps, recommendations for
future management of the floodplain can be made that aim at both ecological rehabilitation and an optimal flood defense. 相似文献
757.
758.
A national approach to the conservation of biodiversity in Australia's freshwater ecosystems is a high priority. This requires a consistent and comprehensive system for the classification, inventory, and assessment of wetland ecosystems. This paper, using the State of Victoria as a case study, compares two classification systems that are commonly utilized to delineate and map wetlands--one based on hydrology (Victorian Wetland Database [VWD]) and one based on indigenous vegetation types and other natural features (Ecological Vegetation Classes [EVC]). We evaluated the extent of EVC mapping of wetlands relative to the VWD classification system using a number of datasets within a geographical information system. There were significant differences in the coverage of extant EVCs across bioregions, different-sized wetlands, and VWD wetland types. Resultant depletion levels were markedly different when examined using the two systems, with depletion levels, and therefore perceived conservation status, of EVCs being significantly higher. Although there is little doubt that many wetland ecosystems in Victoria are in fact threatened, the extent of this threat cannot accurately be determined by relying on the EVC mapping as it currently stands. The study highlighted the significant impact wetland classification methods have in determining the conservation status of freshwater ecosystems. 相似文献
759.
B. M. Kellett R. I. Beilin K. L. Bristow G. Moore F. H. S. Chiew 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(1):109-117
A new form of Ecological Risk Assessment aims to improve environmental decision-making through strong stakeholder engagement,
often in workshop situations. This wider focus increases interaction between workshop practitioners and stakeholders for reflecting
on, and learning from, each others perceptions. In this article, we analyse and discuss a one day workshop that was concerned
with trialling this method of deriving an Ecological Risk Assessment. We found that stakeholders had issues with some elements
of the workshop process. The decision problem was formulated prior to the workshop and without consultation among all the
stakeholders. Consequently, the original decision problem was rejected for a mutually derived broader focus and this resulted
in a loss of clarity and purpose. Stakeholders did not wholly concur with the prioritising of ecological values over social
and economic values and some stakeholders objected to defining assessment endpoints, because it implies a reductionist approach
that doesn’t capture significance and understanding of systems. Ecological Risk Assessment workshops are complex and require
significant practitioner and stakeholder development to provide useful and mutually derived outcomes. 相似文献
760.
城市生态承载力研究 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:15
生态安全是生态承载力的“底线” ,超过了这一临界值 ,生态安全问题就会凸显而变得严重 ,甚至出现崩溃。笔者通过对生态足迹需求和生态承载力的计算 ,判断该地区处于生态盈余 /赤字 ,得出该地区自然生态系统所提供的产品和服务的供应量超过了 /不足以该地区人们正常生活的需求量的结论。计算出珠海 2 0 0 2年生态足迹和生态承载力 ,该结果显示出珠海的发展属于地方可持续性的。通过计算珠海从 2 0 0 2~ 2 0 2 0年各指标的时间序列值来追踪各个时点的可持续程度 ,弥补了生态足迹计算法中指标静态性的缺陷。预测了未来 18年珠海的生态足迹需求 ,其结果表明珠海市生态承载力严重不足 ,生态功能水平薄弱。城市生态承载力的研究不仅能指导珠海生态安全和可持续发展 ,而对其他城市的生态规划及发展也具有参考价值。 相似文献