我国空气自动监测系统的现状与发展趋势

结合四川省环境空气自动监测系统的运行,从运行管理模式方面探讨了我国空气自动监测系统的发展现状,以及通过国内外环境空气评价指标的比较,探讨了现阶段中国环境空气质量评价体系的不足以及增加空气污染指数分指标的必要性.     

东亚大气可吸入颗粒物时空分布的数值模拟研究

利用嵌套网格空气质量模式(Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System,NAQPMS)模拟研究了2010年东亚地区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的时空演变,并初步评估了其对人群健康的危险度.结果表明,NAQPMS模式能够合理地反映东亚地区PM10的时空分布,不同季节观测值和模拟值的总体相关系数达到0.65~0.85.2010年东亚PM10的地面浓度高值区(100μg·m-3)出现在我国华北、华中和内蒙古中西部等地区.其中,无机盐(硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐)对我国东部PM10的贡献最大(10~70μg·m-3,20%~50%);一次PM10次之(5~50μg·m-3,10%~30%),有机物(5~30μg·m-3,10%~20%)和黑炭(3~20μg·m-3,3%~5%)紧随其后.PM10可以引起我国东部人群急性总死亡率增加2%~5%,对我国居民的健康水平构成了一定威胁.     

克山县空气质量及变化趋势

通过对克山县2003—2012年的空气监测数据分析,二氧化硫和总悬浮物颗粒物呈下降趋势,氮氧化物和降尘浓度变化不大;尘类是影响环境质量的主要污染物,县区环境空气质量呈轻度污染,根据各年度的监测数据来看,环境空气质量逐年得到改善。     

湿式氧化法处理汽油碱渣和液态烃碱渣

介绍了湿式氧化法处理洛阳分公司汽油碱渣和液态烃碱渣的工艺原理和运行效果.     

大气污染防治与可持续发展探究

目前,我国积极开展大气污染防治工作,提出了系列防治工作目标,正在全面落实。做好大气污染的防治,并将其作为系统性工程,落实到实践,对推动社会经济可持续发展有着重要意义。本文基于可持续发展目的,针对当前大气污染防治工作做了简单论述,并提出了防治策略,希望能够给相关人员提供参考。     

空气污染天气过程与气象要素之间的关联性分析

随着经济和社会的不断发展,地球的环境正在遭受着严重的侵害,关于环境的问题也日益显现出来,比如全球变暖、雾霾等现象。本文分析了空气污染的因素、气象要素对空气质量的影响,并提出了防治空气污染的对策。     

Environmental forensic investigation of the air pollution from a cement manufacturing unit

Abstract

Cement manufacturing is a process that results in the emission of significant quantities of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the ambient air. An environmental forensic investigation was carried out in the surroundings of a major cement manufacturing unit at a place called Coimbatore in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The investigation was carried out to identify the contribution of the cement manufacturing unit to the SPM concentration of the surrounding air environment. The sampling points’ selection and sample collection were done following the principles outlined in the INTERPOL Manual for Pollution Crime Forensic Investigation. On-site monitoring of the air samples was carried out using Mini Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (GRIMM, Mini-LAS Model 11R). The instrument was capable of measuring particles ranging from 0.25 to 32 µm and classifying them into 31 size channels. The test results at majority of the monitoring locations were well above the limits specified in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of India. Microscopic studies of the dust samples were carried out for surface texture and particle shape. The spatial distribution of particles was analysed using geographic information system (GIS) for the visual identification of the extent of the pollution by keeping the cement factory as the focal point. The results from the GIS and microscopic analysis established the role of the cement factory in the particulate matter pollution of its surroundings, specifically in the areas North-West of the factory. The successfully adopted procedure can serve as a guideline for the environmental forensic investigation of similar pollution incidences.     

空气污染指数模式的改进

我国目前以空气污染指数API报告各城市的环境空气质量。由于我国各地环境空气质量状况差异很大,该方法在报告城市空气质量时具有较大的片面性,不能综合反应污染状况。本文针对现行的API指数法进行了模式推算和改进,新的计算模式可更客观全面地反映城市空气质量。     

Incompatible Land Uses and the Topology of Cumulative Risk

The extensive literature on environmental justice has, by now, well defined the essential ingredients of cumulative risk, namely, incompatible land uses and vulnerability. Most problematic is the case when risk is produced by a large aggregation of small sources of air toxics. In this article, we test these notions in an area of Southern California, Southeast Los Angeles (SELA), which has come to be known as Asthmatown. Developing a rapid risk mapping protocol, we scan the neighborhood for small potential sources of air toxics and find, literally, hundreds of small point sources within a 2-mile radius, interspersed with residences. We also map the estimated cancer risks and noncancer hazard indices across the landscape. We find that, indeed, such large aggregations of even small, nondominant sources of air toxics can produce markedly elevated levels of risk. In this study, the risk profiles show additional cancer risks of up to 800 in a million and noncancer hazard indices of up to 200 in SELA due to the agglomeration of small point sources. This is significant (for example, estimates of the average regional point-source-related cancer risk range from 125 to 200 in a million). Most importantly, if we were to talk about the risk contour as if they were geological structures, we would observe not only a handful of distinct peaks, but a general “mountain range” running all throughout the study area, which underscores the ubiquity of risk in SELA. Just as cumulative risk has deeply embedded itself into the fabric of the place, so, too, must intervention seek to embed strategies into the institutions and practices of SELA. This has implications for advocacy, as seen in a recently initiated participatory action research project aimed at building health research capacities into the community in keeping with an ethic of care.     

离子色谱法测定空气中乙酸和溴化氢

用同一吸收液采集、离子色谱法测定空气中的乙酸和溴化氢,采样体积为60 L时,乙酸和溴化氢的检出限分别为0.03 mg/m3和0.11 mg/m3,相对标准偏差分别为1.9%和1.7%,实际样品的加标回收率分别为90.1%～102%和97.6%～100%.