城市污泥处理处置及综合利用研究现状与建议

概述了当前国内外城市污泥处理处置及综合利用的各种方法，分析了今后污泥综合利用研究的发展趋势。指出我国城市污泥综合利用研究存在的问题。并就我国污泥处理处置和综合利用提出了相关建议。     

县级固体废物管理现状及综合利用研究

通过县级固体废物管理现状现状调查,并在调查的基础上结合岫岩县实际,对县级产生固体废较多的采矿废石、玉石尾矿、生活垃圾进行综合利用研究,为下一步推动县级循环经济创造必要的条件.     

谈21世纪我国城市水资源的可持续利用

根据可持续发展思想 ,阐述了水资源在城市发展中的重要作用 ,并分析了我国城市水资源可持续利用面临的主要问题。最后 ,作者提出了实现我国城市水资源可持续利用的对策。     

城市污水污泥农用资源化研究

污水污泥是城市污水处理的副产品，如若处理不当，将会造成二次污染，本文针对污水污泥农用的现状，分析农作资源化志水污泥的出路及在应用中出现的问题。     

Predicting particle deposition on HVAC heat exchangers

Particles in indoor environments may deposit on the surfaces of heat exchangers that are used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Such deposits can lead to performance degradation and indoor air quality problems. We present a model of fin-and-tube heat-exchanger fouling that deterministically simulates particle impaction, gravitational settling, and Brownian diffusion and uses a Monte Carlo simulation to account for impaction due to air turbulence. The model predicts that <2% of submicron particles will deposit on heat exchangers with air flows and fin spacings that are typical of HVAC systems. For supermicron particles, deposition increases with particle size. The dominant deposition mechanism for 1–10 μm particles is impaction on fin edges. Gravitational settling, impaction, and air turbulence contribute to deposition for particles larger than 10 μm. Gravitational settling is the dominant deposition mechanism for lower air velocities, and impaction on refrigerant tubes is dominant for higher velocities. We measured deposition fractions for 1–16 μm particles at three characteristic air velocities. On average, the measured results show more deposition than the model predicts for an air speed of 1.5 m s⁻¹. The amount that the model underpredicts the measured data increases at higher velocities and especially for larger particles, although the model shows good qualitative agreement with the measured deposition fractions. Discontinuities in the heat-exchanger fins are hypothesized to be responsible for the increase in measured deposition. The model and experiments reported here are for isothermal conditions and do not address the potentially important effects of heat transfer and water phase change on deposition.     

火力发电厂粉煤灰干燥特性研究

介绍了利用实验台对粉煤灰的干燥特性进行试验研究的情况 ,给出了粉煤灰的干燥曲线、干燥速率曲线和粉煤灰平衡湿含量计算式 ,分析了在干燥过程中粉煤灰的阻力特性 ,为粉煤灰干燥装置的工业化设计提供了理论依据     

AB活性污泥法的生命周期能耗分析

运用LCA技术可从全过程的视角识别和比较不同城市污水处理工艺在其生命周期各个阶段的能耗,并在此基础上提出改善其能效的措施。运用LCA方法对AB活性污泥法处理系统从其原材料开采和加工开始直到污水厂施工建设、处理运行以及废弃拆除的LC全过程能耗进行了识别和量化分析,并与普通活性污泥法进行了平行对照。研究结果表明,AB法的LC能耗在微孔和穿孔管两种曝气条件下可双普通活性污泥法分别节省9.5％和15.8%,但由于污水中有机物大部分转化为污泥形态,其比能耗仅与普通活性污泥法相当。AB法处理系统污泥的稳定化处理已成为提高其能效的重要途径。     

高等植物对甲醇的释放和利用

植物可向大气中释放一种挥发性的有机气体——甲醇,同时对这种气体可加以利用。在详细阐述甲醇的产生、释放和可能的代谢机制的基础上,通过不同浓度的甲醇溶液喷施牡丹叶片,测定其对光合作用过程及叶绿素荧光参数变化的影响。结果表明,光合作用有较大改善:光合速率明显提高,气孔导度增加,叶内CO2浓度也有一定幅度改善。叶绿素荧光参数(qN和NPQ)以及电子传递速率(ETR)发生较大改变;Fm/Fo,Fv/Fo和ΦPSII的下降可能与甲醇对牡丹叶片的双向效应(促进性和毒性)有关,这取决于喷施的浓度、次数和时间。初步的结果显示:甲醇提高光合作用速率的同时,并没有伴随光合效率和机能的改善和提高。期间的气孔导度和胞内CO2浓度的提高以及非辐射能耗散(qN和NPQ)和光呼吸的降低可能是牡丹叶片光合作用速率提高的主要原因。     

Pozzolanicity verification of combustion metamorphic rocks from coalfield fire zones in China

Coalfield fires are natural disasters that occur worldwide, without geographical boundaries. There are many combustion metamorphic rocks on the surface of the coal fire area. At present, there is no summary of combustion metamorphic rocks in natural and artificial pozzolanic mixed materials, and research on the pozzolanic activity of combustion metamorphic rocks is lacking, which limits the use of combustion metamorphic rocks to produce slurries for fire prevention. In this study, the apparent morphologies and chemical compositions of three types of combustion metamorphic rock samples—baked rock, sintered rock, and lavalike rock—were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and the crystallinity index (CI) was calculated. The results were validated by Frattini tests, which confirmed the synergistic reactions that enhanced the pozzolanic reactions. All three types of combustion metamorphic rocks exhibited pozzolanic activity. The CI value decreased with an increase in the metamorphic degree of the combustion metamorphic rock. The lavalike rock exhibited the highest pozzolanic activity (CI = 5.829), followed by the sintered rock and then the baked rock. Meanwhile, influencing factors of pozzolanicity were studied by the Frattini method. The experimental results provide important guidance for the post-treatment of combustion metamorphic rocks and coal-fire control in loess-deficient areas.     

含铬电镀废水回收铬黄实验

在含铬电镀废水中加入硫化钠、碳酸氢钠和双氧水去除铜及其它杂质,再利用氢氧化钠和盐酸调节pH值,最后加入过量的硝酸铅制成铬黄。实验结果表明,温度和硝酸铅加入量对铬黄的生成有显著的影响。当反应温度为60℃,硝酸铅的添加量为0.05g/mL时,铬黄的生成量最大。在此条件下,100mL废水中能回收4.8g铬黄,铬的回收率为97.1%。