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101.
Measurements of surface O3 and carbon monoxide(CO) were made from September 2009 to August 2011 at Dangxiong(30.48°N, 91.10°E, 4187 m a.s.l.), a remote highland site in a southern valley of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains in the Tibetan Plateau, China. The monthly mean O3 mixing ratio ranged from 29.1 to 51.4 ppb, with an average of 38.5 ppb, and the maximum value was observed in May. The average diurnal cycle of O3 concentration showed a minimum in early morning and a maximum in the afternoon, with a broader "high platform" from the late morning to the late afternoon, and resembled that of surface wind speed. The concentration of surface O3 was highly significantly correlated with tropospheric column O3 over the regions surrounding Dangxiong and with that of surface O3 observed at a site north of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains, suggesting a good regional representativeness of surface O3 at Dangxiong. In the afternoon when stronger winds blew, surface air showed distinct features of free-atmospheric air, with higher O3, lower CO, and lower relative humidity(RH). The negative O3–CO and O3–RH correlations in most months indicate a significant influence of air masses from the free troposphere. Trajectory analysis suggests that air masses originating from the south of the site make a negative net contribution to surface O3 and a positive contribution to CO and humidity, and those from the northwest sector contribute conversely to the respective quantities. 相似文献
102.
福建省水土流失地理国情监测研究与应用——以22个重点县为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为掌握福建省境内个22重点县水土流失地理国情现状,利用高分辨率资源三号遥感卫星影像数据进行监测分析。以土壤侵蚀分类分级标准SL190-2007为依据,通过土地利用、植被覆盖度以及坡度等水土流失影响因子的信息提取,基于GIS软件平台上,建立符合福建省水土流失地理国情的遥感监测信息提取模型。经GPS进行野外调查、验证和修改,最终完成区域水土流失图斑的提取和建库工作,为科学规划与治理及其成效分析等提供科学依据。 相似文献
103.
核医学放射性"三废"的排放对周围环境产生的辐射影响,通过采取控制排放节点、放置衰变、监测总放水平等防护措施,确保废物达标进入环境,保持环境良好。 相似文献
104.
105.
Accelerated erosion and increased sediment yields resulting from changes in land use are a critical environmental problem. Resource managers and decision makers need spatially explicit tools to help them predict the changes in sediment production and delivery due to unpaved roads and other types of land disturbance. This is a particularly important issue in much of the Caribbean because of the rapid pace of development and potential damage to nearshore coral reef communities. The specific objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a GIS-based sediment budget model; (2) use the model to evaluate the effects of unpaved roads on sediment delivery rates in three watersheds on St. John in the US Virgin Islands; and (3) compare the predicted sediment yields to pre-existing data. The St. John Erosion Model (STJ-EROS) is an ArcInfo-based program that uses empirical sediment production functions and delivery ratios to quantify watershed-scale sediment yields. The program consists of six input routines and five routines to calculate sediment production and delivery. The input routines have interfaces that allow the user to adjust the key variables that control sediment production and delivery. The other five routines use pre-set erosion rate constants, user-defined variables, and values from nine data layers to calculate watershed-scale sediment yields from unpaved road travelways, road cutslopes, streambanks, treethrow, and undisturbed hillslopes. STJ-EROS was applied to three basins on St. John with varying levels of development. Predicted sediment yields under natural conditions ranged from 2 to 7Mgkm(-2)yr(-1), while yield rates for current conditions ranged from 8 to 46Mgkm(-2)yr(-1). Unpaved roads are estimated to be increasing sediment delivery rates by 3-6 times for Lameshur Bay, 5-9 times for Fish Bay, and 4-8 times for Cinnamon Bay. Predicted basin-scale sediment yields for both undisturbed and current conditions are within the range of measured sediment yields and bay sedimentation rates. The structure and user interfaces in STJ-EROS mean that the model can be readily adapted to other areas and used to assess the impact of unpaved roads and other land uses sediment production and delivery. 相似文献
106.
I. A. Akpabio E. A. Eniang E. C. Egwali 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(3):249-265
This study examines the present environmental and socio-economic status of Adiabo Community in Odukpani Local Government Area
of Cross River State against the background of the proposal of the Cross River State Government to site a tourism resort in
the community. The paper utilizes participatory appraisal techniques to document information on the existing environmental
and socio- economic structure of the study area. It also analyses the potential effect of the proposed tourist resort on the
community dwellers and finally recommends strategies to ensure the sustainability of the proposed project and livelihood activities
of the natives in the study area. 相似文献
107.
气候异常对交通影响的诊断分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过交通与气候关系的诊断分析,从宏观角度提出了气候对交通运输直接影响和间接影响的两种途径,并给出了两种影响的概念模型。 相似文献
108.
This study was initiated to develop cause and effect relationships between Army training activities and bird populations throughout the continental United States. Installations in Kentucky, Louisiana, Texas, and Washington were selected as representative of diverse ecosystems and of extent of training. Birds were separated into 31 guilds to assist in the analysis between different ecosystems. The results showed that (1) guild theory can be useful in impact analyses within and between ecosystems, (2) tracked vehicles disturb bird populations because of habitat alteration and reduction, (3) the change in biomass ranged from 20.9to–55.3 percent and is dependent on the extent of training and ecosystem type, and (4) species replacement should be a major concern, with nine endemic species being replaced by three endemic and two introduced species. Because of similarities between tracked vehicle training and some construction activities, much of this information may be useful for analysis of civilian activities as well as military. 相似文献
109.
A series of computer programs designed to predict gross annual soil loss on a watershed basis by application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) have been developed. The programs provide an easy-to-use, flexible, and standardized means of organizing base data and applying the USLE to large land areas. The programs can be used to assess and to evaluate the effects of changing land-use patterns and conservation practices on soil losses. Critical or problem areas can be readily identified. The USLE Computer Programs are a useful research tool for investigators involved in water quality management, 208 planning, or conservation research.The package of computer programs consists of three main components: data input, the Main Program, and the Totals Program. Input data include both field base data describing the watershed and corresponding values for the factors in the USLE. The Main Program calculates the average rate of soil loss (tons/ acre/yr) and the total soil loss (tons/yr) for the smallest subunit of the watershed identified as the soil unit. Also calculated is an RKLS factor, which is an indication of the erosive potential of a given soil type, slope, and slope length, under a particular rainfall regime. The Totals Program aggregates soil unit losses into progressively larger units, that is, field, farm, subwatershed, and watershed units. An example of the programs' versatility and use is presented. 相似文献
110.
降水异常对三峡工程建设的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用三峡库区17个站1997年的逐日降水资料,分析了三峡库区1997年的降水特点.结果表明,异常偏少的降水为大江截流成功提供了有利的天气气候条件;同时,从气候学角度指出,大江截流以后的施工期间仍面临着严峻的气候异常风险,应引起有关部门特别注意. 相似文献