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191.
Herein,with the exploitation of iron and nickel electrodes,the 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)dechlorinating processes at the anode and cathode,respectively,were separately studied via various electrochemical techniques(e.g.,Tafel polarization,linear polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy).With this in mind,Ni/Fe nanoparticles were prepared by chemical solution deposition,and utilized to test the dechlorination activities of 2,4-DCP over a bimetallic system.For the iron anode,the results showed that higher 2,4-DCP concentration and solution acidity aggravated the corrosion within the electrode.The charge transfer resistance(R_(ct))values of the iron electrode were 703,473,444,and 437Ω·cm~2 for the initial 2,4-DCP concentrations of0,20,50,and 80 mg/L,respectively.When the bulk pH of the 2,4-DCP solution varied from 3.0,5.0to 7.0,the corresponding R_(ct) values were 315,376,and 444Ω·cm~2,respectively.For the nickel cathode,the reduction current densities on the electrode at-0.75 V(vs.saturated calomel electrode)were 80,106,and 111μA/cm~2,for initial 2,4-DCP concentrations of 40,80,and125 mg/L.The dechlorination experiments demonstrated that when the initial pH of the solution was 7.0,5.0,and 3.0,the dechlorination percentage of 2,4-DCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles was 62%,69%,and 74%,respectively,which was in line with the electrochemical experiments.10 wt.%Ni loading into Ni/Fe bimetal was affordable and gave a good dechlorination efficiency of 2,4-DCP,and fortunately the Ni/Fe nanoparticles remained comparatively stable in the dechlorination processes at pH 3.0. 相似文献
192.
193.
Aerosol concentration and particle size distributions in underground excavations of a hard coal mine
Krystian Skubacz Łukasz Wojtecki Paweł Urban 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):318-327
Deposition of aerosols in the respiratory system depends inter alia on their size and the respiratory tract deposition is appreciable for nanometer-sized particles. This article presents the results of measurements of size distributions of aerosols in the range of several nanometers up to about 20?μm in the underground mine excavations of an active hard coal mine. The study included practically all particles of a respirable fraction. The results showed that a high concentration of fine and ultrafine aerosols occurs in key underground workplaces especially during mining machine operations, although their contribution to total mass concentration is usually negligible. 相似文献
194.
Ebru Kavak Akpinar S. Akpinar Hakan F. Oztop 《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(4):407-421
In the present study, air pollutant concentrations have been analyzed statistically with meteorological factors in the city of Elazig, which is located in the east Anatolia region of Turkey, for the months of September, October, November, December, January, February, March, and April during the years 2003 and 2004. SPSS code was used for statistical analyses. The relationship between monitored air pollutant concentrations, such as SO2 and the total suspended particles (TSP) data, and meteorological factors such as wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and pressure was investigated. According to the results of linear and non-linear regression analysis, it was found that there is a moderate and weak level of relation between the air pollutant concentrations and the meteorological factors in Elazig. The correlation between the previous day's SO2, TSP concentrations and actual concentrations of these pollutants on that day was investigated and the coefficient of determination R was found to be 0.80 and 0.76, respectively. The statistical models of SO2 and TSP, including all of the meteorological parameters, gave an R of 0.50 and 0.40, respectively. Further, in order to develop this model, the previous day's SO2 and TSP concentrations were added to the equations. The new model for SO2 and TSP was improved considerably with R = 0.85 and 0.80, respectively. 相似文献
195.
Biogeochemistry of Chinese estuarine and coastal waters: nutrients, trace metals and biomarkers 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Jing Zhang 《Regional Environmental Change》2002,3(1-3):65-76
The dissolved and particulate trace metals in large and middle-sized Chinese rivers remain comparable with other less-disturbed
world systems. Levels of nutrients in Chinese rivers are high due to erosion over the drainage area and the application of
chemical fertilizers, which induces an N/P ratio up to 100–1,000. The concentrations of organic pollutants in Chinese rivers
are ranked at the lower end of those of world systems; however, pollution has been identified in coastal waters from north
to south of the country. In estuarine and coastal waters, dissolved trace metals illustrate a feature of remobilization, while
non-conservative distribution is observed, with exceptions for iron and aluminum. Particulate trace metals demonstrate a fairly
stable distribution along the salinity gradient, when the absolute concentration is normalized to reference materials. In
high-turbidity estuaries, seaward nutrient flux can be increased by a factor of 5–10. Finally, the N/P ratio approaches 10–20
at the interior of the East China Sea, indicating that in coastal regions photosynthesis changes from P to N and Si limitations.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
196.
Whangapoua Estuary, Great Barrier Island, New Zealand, is central to a proposed Marine Reserve, and is currently managed for
conservation by the Department of Conservation. This paper describes the sequential impacts of Maori and European people on
the process of estuarine vegetation succession in time and space, and the rate of estuarine sedimentation. Multiple cores
from one estuary gave confidence in assessing the temporal sequence of vegetation change, but bioturbation and other disturbance
factors made it difficult to interpret 14C dates from the estuarine environment. The modern vegetation zonation pattern on the estuary is an active succession, which
has been generated by rapid estuary in-filling, probably initiated as a consequence of erosion following Maori burning of
the adjacent forest. European forest clearance for agriculture resulted in a further increase in estuarine sedimentation,
and may have re-activated earlier sediments trapped in adjacent swamps. The combined effects of two phases of human exploitation
have resulted in large-scale loss of nutrients and top-soil from catchments throughout Great Barrier Island. Conservation
management of the estuary should take account of the anthropogenic impacts that have driven the plant succession and created
the current vegetation zonation pattern. This pattern is neither static nor ‘natural’, but rather an on-going response to
the changing human activities in the surrounding catchment. 相似文献
197.
Henning S. Jensen Tina Bendixen Frede Ø. Andersen 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):547-555
Danish rivers carry >50% of the phosphorus (P) transport as particulate P (PP). In five of six rivers sampled in November
1998 iron-bound P made up > 59% of PP and loosely adsorbed P ranged between 2% and 13%. This fraction could potentially be
released in 14‰ seawater. The behaviour of dissolved and particulate P fractions was studied during seven month in a 2 km
long estuary with low freshwater retention time and low tidal range. The river carried ∼10% of PP as loosely adsorbed P but
increased concentrations of dissolved inorganic P (DIP) relative to the estuarine mixing line was only observed in the summer
month with low freshwater flow and was more likely due to DIP release from the bottom sediment. Instead estuarine particles
were always enriched with oxidized iron (ox.Fe) and iron-bound P as well as loosely adsorbed P and during May–September this
coincided with increasing concentration of PP in estuary. We suggest that flocculation of ox.Fe and adsorption of DIP onto
the particles with subsequent transport seawards is a major loss process for P during the summer month. During winter month
where 85% of the run-off occurs the dominant process in the estuary is sedimentation of larger particles, however, a comparison
of river particles with surface sediment clearly reveals that most PP is mobilized again from the bottom sediments. 相似文献
198.
三维粒子电极催化氧化活性艳红X-3B实验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用浸渍焙烧法制备了Cu/γ-Al2O3、Cu-Co/γ-Al2O3粒子电极,TiO2/Ti为阳极、石墨为阴极,采用三维电极降解染料模拟废水活性艳红X-3B溶液,考察了粒子电极、槽电压、pH值、电解质浓度等因素对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:该反应器能够有效的降解X-3B,粒子电极显示了较高的催化活性,双组分粒子电极Cu-Co/γ-Al2O3比单组分粒子电极Cu/γ-Al2O3有着更好的催化效果,降解机制主要是电致·OH的间接氧化和粒子电极表面的直接氧化的协同作用。 相似文献
199.
大气细颗粒物水溶成分和非水溶成分的细胞毒性 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
为了研究细颗粒物不同成分细胞毒作用的差异,以细颗粒物水溶成分和非水溶成分对人肺癌上皮细胞株A549细胞染毒.结果表明,在染毒剂量为100 μg·mL-1、200 μg·mL-1和300 μg·mL-1的范围内,水溶成分的细胞毒性明显高于非水溶成分(P(0.05),表现为抑制细胞活性,导致细胞膜损伤增加.并且诱导细胞活性氧(ROS)的产生.使用N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)和抗坏血酸(Vit C)阻断活性氧(ROS)产生的研究结果表明,与未加上述抗氧化剂的染毒组相比,加抗氧化剂的染毒组细胞的活性明显增强.因此,提示细颗粒物水溶成分是最主要的毒性成分之一,而氧化.应激损伤可能是细颗粒物细胞毒作用的重要机制之一. 相似文献
200.
Dechlorination of disinfection by-product monochloroacetic acid in drinking
water by nanoscale palladized iron bimetallic particle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nanoscale palladized iron(Pd/Fe)bimetallic particles were prepared by reductive deposition method.The particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-nitrogen(BET-N_2)method.Data obtained from those methods indicated that nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles containedα-Fe~0.Detected Pd to Fe ratio by weight(Pd/Fe ratio)was close to theoretical value. Spherical granules with di... 相似文献