上流式曝气生物滤池两种填料启动挂膜的试验研究

在相同运行条件下,对瓷粒和陶粒2种不同填料曝气生物滤池（BAF）的启动运行进行了实验研究,考察了不同填料在挂膜过程中CODCr和NH4^＋-N的去除效果及出水NO2^--N和NO3^--N质量浓度的变化。结果表明,在常温下（20～25℃）2种填料的所需的启动时间差异较大,陶粒填料所需时间为17d,而瓷粒填料别需37d。启动挂膜过程中,两者对CODCr和NH4^＋-N可达到基本相同的去除率,但所需运行时间差异较大,陶粒BAF较之瓷粒BAF稳定,且硝化效果好于瓷粒BAF．     

Clogging processes caused by biofilms growth and organic particles accumulation in lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands

The accumulation of organic matter in substratum pores is regarded as an important factor causing clogging in the subsurface flow constructed wetlands.In this study,the developing process of clogging separately caused by biofilm growth and organic particles accumulation instead of total organic matter accumulation was investigated in two groups of lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) fed with glucose (dissolved organic matter) and starch (particulate organic matter) influent.Results showed that the growth of biofilms within the substratum pores certainly caused remarkable reduction of effective porosity,especially for the strong organic wastewater,whereas its influence on infiltration rate was negligible.It was implied that the most important contribution of biofilm growth to clogging is accelerating the occurrence of clogging.In comparison with biofilm growth,particles accumulation within pores could rapidly reduce infiltration rate besides effective porosity and the clogging occurred in the upper 0-15 cm layer.With approximately equal amount of accumulated organic matter,the effective porosity of the clogged layer in starch-fed systems was far less than that of glucose-fed systems,which indicated that composition and accumulation mode of the accumulated organic matter played an important role in causing clogging besides the amount.According to the results,some related methods to prevent and recover the clogging phenomenon were suggested.     

西安市冬季大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布特征

对西安市不同功能区大气颗粒物中13种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的研究表明,西安市冬季大气颗粒物中PAHs污染严重,各采样点13种PAHs总浓度(∑PAHs)为121.61～302.25 ng/m3,平均浓度为188.44 ng/m3,其中强致癌的苯并[a]芘(BaP)平均浓度为12.63 ng/m3;不同功能区大气颗粒物中PAHs和BaP的浓度分布存在明显差异,∑PAHs浓度依次为:交通繁忙区＞学生公寓(燃煤排放明显)＞农业开发区＞高新产业开发区＞商业区＞校园,BaP浓度:交通稠密区＞农业开发区＞环工学院(学校教师的停车场)＞商业区＞学生公寓＞高新产业开发区;不同功能区大气颗粒物中,中高环PAHs含量占优势,不同环数PAHs占总量的比例顺序为4环(38.64%)＞5环(25.17%)＞6环(18.83%)＞3环(10.25%).     

Distribution of PBDEs in air particles from an electronic waste recycling site compared with Guangzhou and Hong Kong, South China

Air samples of total suspended particles (TSP, particles less than 30-60 microm), and particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) were collected simultaneously at Guiyu (an electronic waste recycling site), three urban sites in Hong Kong and two urban sites in Guangzhou, South China from 16 August to 17 September 2004. Twenty-two PBDE congeners (BDE-3, -7, -15, -17, -28, -49, -71, -47, -66, -77, -100, -119, -99, -85, -126, -154, -153, -138, -156, -184, -183, -191) in TSP and PM(2.5) were measured. The results showed that the overall average concentrations of TSP and PM(2.5) collected at Guiyu were 124 and 62.1 microg m(-3), respectively. The monthly concentrations of the sum of 22 BDE congeners contained in TSP and PM(2.5) at Guiyu were 21.5 and 16.6 ng m(-3), with 74.5 and 84.3%, contributed by nine congeners (BDE-28, -47, -66, -100, -99, -154, -153, -183 and -191 respectively). This pattern was similar to Tsuen Wan site of Hong Kong. Two urban sites of Guangzhou had the same congener pattern, but were different from Yuen Long and Hok Tsui sites of Hong Kong. The results also showed that the amount of mono to penta brominated congeners, which are more toxic, accounted for 79.4-95.6% of Sigma(22)PBDEs from all sites. All congeners tested in Guiyu were up to 58-691 times higher than the other urban sites and more than 100 times higher than other studies reported elsewhere. The higher concentration in the air was due to heating or opening burning of electronic waste since PBDEs are formed when plastics containing brominated flame retardants are heated.     

电厂PM2．5排放现状与控制技术

大气颗粒物特别是超细颗粒物PM2．5对人体健康及环境会产生很大危害．燃煤电厂是超细颗粒物的重要排放源。本文简要阐述了燃煤电厂超细颗粒物排放的现状,并针对燃煤电厂重点介绍了超细颗粒物的排放控制技术．包括传统的除尘器加湿法脱硫设施的除尘、混合除尘控制技术、以及在传统除尘器前设置团聚预处理装置的技术等。指出了各种技术的利弊、应用现状及应用前景展望。     

乌兰浩特地区大气污染成因与防治对策研究

近年来,随着乌兰浩特地区经济社会的迅速发展,空气污染日趋严重,已经影响到了经济、社会发展和市民的生活.文章阐述了大气污染对人类健康的影响,研究探讨了国内关于城市大气污染的现状,结合乌兰浩特地区大气污染的调查分析,以乌兰浩特市2008、2009、2010年大气环境质量监测数据为依据,详细研究了乌兰浩特地区大气污染的主要污染源及污染物,归纳总结特征及其变化,采用了空气污染指数（API）分析和评价了大气污染的原因.研究结果表明,乌兰浩特地区空气质量状况2009年比2008年明显好转,但PM10仍有超标现象;通过特征分析可知大气污染有逐年上升趋势,随季节变化相对明显,可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫和二氧化氮的浓度在春冬季分别是夏秋季的0.5倍到1.5倍：采用空气污染指数（API）对乌兰浩特地区的大气污染进行评价结果表明,煤炭燃烧后的污染物是乌兰浩特市空气污染物的主要来源,同时地理环境对乌兰浩特地区空气质量有较大影响,山风产生的局地环流不利于污染物的扩散,特别是遇到静风、逆温等不利于污染物扩散的气象条件时,就会加重环境空气污染,导致污染物农度大幅度升高.造成乌兰浩特地区大气污染的原因较复杂,通过分析研究得到了主要原因是工业和能源结构不合理、冬季取暖燃煤、汽车尾气、特殊地形气候、相关政策法规不太健全及环保宣传监督工作做不到住.并针对乌兰浩特地区的实际情况提出了控制大气污染的对策措施.总之,该研究找到了乌兰浩特地区大气污染的问题,为乌兰浩特市环境污染综合治理提供了一定的参考依据.     

乌兰浩特地区大气污染成因与防治对策研究

近年来,随着乌兰浩特地区经济社会的迅速发展,空气污染日趋严重,已经影响到了经济、社会发展和市民的生活。文章阐述了大气污染对人类健康的影响,研究探讨了国内关于城市大气污染的现状,结合乌兰浩特地区大气污染的调查分析。以鸟兰浩特市2008、2009、2010年大气环境质量监测数据为依据,详细研究了乌兰浩特地区大气污染的主要污染源及污染物,归纳总结特征及其变化,采用了空气污染指数（API）分析和评价了大气污染的原因。研究结果表明,乌兰浩特地区空气质量状况2009年比2008年明显好转,但PM10仍有超标现象;通过特征分析可知大气污染有逐年上升趋势,随季节变化相对明显,可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫和二氧化氮的浓度在春冬季分别是夏秋季的0．5倍到1．5倍;采用空气污染指数（API）对乌兰浩特地区的大气污染进行评价结果表明,煤炭燃烧后的污染物是鸟兰浩特市空气污染物的主要来源,同时地理环境对鸟兰浩特地区空气质量有较大影响,山风产生的局地环流不利于污染物的扩散,特别是遇到静风、逆温等不利于污染物扩散的气象条件时,就会加重环境空气污染,导致污染物浓度大幅度升高。造成乌兰浩特地区大气污染的原因较复杂,通过分析研究得到了主要原因是工业和能源结构不合理、冬季取暖燃煤、汽车尾气、特殊地形气候、相关政策法规不太健全及环保宣传监督工作做不到住。并针对鸟兰浩特地区的实际情况提出了控制大气污染的对策措施。总之,该研究找到了乌兰浩特地区大气污染的问题,为乌兰浩特市环境污染综合治理提供了一定的参考依据。     

滇池水体光学物质的吸收特性研究

基于2009年9月在滇池的野外采样,分析了滇池水体中光学活性物质的吸收特性及其空间分布、与水体组分浓度的关系、各光学活性物质吸收对总吸收的贡献率、滇池水体吸收特性与其他二类水体的异同性等.结果表明,总颗粒物吸收光谱曲线与浮游藻类吸收光谱曲线形状相似,浮游藻类吸收在总颗粒物吸收中占主导;440、624和675 nm处的浮...     

探析FH-62-C14颗粒物监测仪测量维护要点

本文着重介绍美国赛默飞世尔公司生产的FH-62-C14颗粒物监测仪的测量原理,并针对使用和维护中容易出现的故障,介绍使用及维护方法和要点,并通过经典重量法与FH-62-C14β射线颗粒物监测仪进行测量均值比对,验证了设备维护的效果,为环境监测工作者提供应用及维护方面的参考,以获得更加准确的监测数据。     

丽江市冬季大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）中水溶性离子化学特征

2008年12月～2009年1月在丽江市共采集25个TSP样品,目的是研究丽江市冬季TSP中水溶性离子的化学特征及它们的来源情况.结果表明,样品中主要水溶性离子的电荷浓度:Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、Na+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+分别为16.00、14.95、49.40、3.12、44.75、8.65、2...