聚醚砜-改性海泡石杂化微球对环境毒素溴化乙锭和双酚A的吸附研究

本文将经过酸热处理的海泡石(AH-SEP)和有机改性处理的海泡石(OAH-SEP)共混人聚醚砜(PES)溶液制备杂化微球,并用于环境毒素的吸附试验研究,结果表明:PES/AH-SEP对离子型环境毒素吸附效果较好,而PES/OAH-SEP对非离子型环境毒素吸附效果较好;依据PES/AH-SEP吸附EB及PES/OAH-S...     

Second organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis of α-pinene in the presence of dry submicron ammonium sulfate aerosol

An indoor chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Two sets of α-pinene ozonolysis experiments were conducted in the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed particle: ozone limited experiments and α-pinene limited experiments. The concentration of gas phase and particle phase species was monitored continuously by on-line instruments and recorded automatically by data sampling system. The evolution of size distribution was measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer ...     

珠江口水域细菌抗药性的研究

为了解珠江口水域细菌耐药性分布情况,将海水中细菌分离鉴定并进行细菌药敏实验.结果检出细菌22种120株,检测得120株细菌的抗生素谱,具有较高细菌耐药性的抗生素为:青霉素G耐药菌株的百分比为43.30%、氨苄青霉素AM的为 51.70%、头孢唑啉CI的为44.20%、卡那霉素K的为 46.70%、阿米卡星AN 的为50.80%、新生霉素NOV的为 60.00%、四环素TE 的为60.80%、复方新诺明SX的为 43.30%.细菌对链霉素S、诺氟沙星NOR、氯霉素C、环丙沙星CIP的耐药性比较低,分别为16.70%、16.70%、14.20%、13.30%.本实验对海洋微生物的研究、抗生素的安全使用以及环境保护均具有一定的指导意义.     

聚氨酯涂层固体颗粒冲蚀研究进展

对聚氨酯涂层固体颗粒弹性冲击、塑性冲击及弹塑性冲击的冲蚀过程进行了综述和分析,分别从内部因素和外部因素讨论了影响聚氨酯涂层固体颗粒冲蚀性能的因素,并对现有的固体颗粒冲蚀设备、试验方法及标准进行了归纳总结,最后指出了聚氨酯涂层固体颗粒冲蚀研究中的问题并展望了未来发展方向。     

基于激光雷达分析2020年冬季镇江地区一次大气污染过程

利用气溶胶激光雷达观测结果,结合环境监测站污染物浓度数据、气象观测资料及HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式结果,综合分析2020年1月17—22日镇江市一次大气污染过程。结果显示,此次污染过程前期天气形势稳定,不利于污染物的清除及扩散,后期受偏北风影响,北方污染物向镇江输送,使得本地污染物持续累积,污染不断加重。特征雷达图分析表明此次污染为以PM2.5为主的二次污染。激光雷达显示污染日消光系数为0.0~0.9 km-1,消光系数垂直廓线日变化特征明显,气溶胶粒子主要堆积在0.6 km高度以下,并且很好地揭示了污染气团从高空逐渐下沉最终与本地污染叠加的过程,与HYSPLIT模式解析的污染气团来源结果基本一致。     

排水管道内不同粒径沉积颗粒物冲刷率的分析与计算

为探究和量化在水流冲刷下,排水管道中不同粒径颗粒物冲刷沉积的过程,本文模拟排水管道内沉积颗粒的冲刷过程.冲刷过程中,粒径较小的悬移质颗粒(小于0.1 mm),在管道沿线取样测得水流中悬浮固体质量浓度(SS);粒径较大的推移质颗粒(0.1—2 mm),测得管道沿线不同位置沉积的颗粒质量.并建立两个数学模型分别计算排水管道内两类颗粒物的冲刷率.研究发现,悬移质颗粒,以水流中SS为依据,可计算出输送通量和冲刷率;推移质颗粒,以管道不同位置沉积下来的颗粒质量为依据,拟合出了管道中的沉积分布函数,是以e为底数的指数函数,可计算出冲刷量和冲刷率.模型计算出的冲刷率呈现出规律性:悬移质颗粒被冲刷成悬浮状态,随水流迁移过程中部分会再次沉积,使得悬移质颗粒的冲刷率从管道前段至中后段逐步降低,如初始沉积质量为100 g的0.045 mm悬移质颗粒,在0.30 m·s^-1的冲刷流速下,计算出管道前段冲刷率为78.94%,最终在管道后段降至13.89%;对于两类颗粒而言,颗粒物粒径越小,冲刷流速越大,初始沉积质量越小,冲刷率越高.     

Water-soluble inorganic ions in airborne particulates from the nano to coarse mode: a case study of aerosol episodes in southern region of Taiwan

In 2004, airborne particulate matter (PM) was collected for several aerosol episodes occurring in the southern region of Taiwan. The particulate samples were taken using both a MOUDI (Micro-orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor) and a nano-MOUDI sampler. These particulate samples were analyzed for major water-soluble ionic species with an emphasis to characterize the mass concentrations and distributions of these ions in the ambient ultrafine (PM_0.1, diameter <0.1 μm) and nano mode (PM_nano, diameter <0.056 μm) particles. Particles collected at the sampling site (the Da-Liao station) on the whole exhibited a typical tri-modal size distribution on mass concentration. The mass concentration ratios of PM_nano/PM_2.5, PM_0.1/PM_2.5, and PM₁/PM_2.5 on average were 1.8, 2.9, and 71.0%, respectively. The peak mass concentration appeared in the submicron particle mode (0.1 μm < diameter <1.0 μm). Mass fractions (percentages) of the three major water-soluble ions (nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium) as a group in PM_nano, PM_0.1, PM₁, and PM_2.5 were 18.4, 21.7, 50.0, and 50.7%, respectively. Overall, results from this study supported the notion that secondary aerosols played a significant role in the formation of ambient submicron particulates (PM_0.1−1). Particles smaller than 0.1 μm were essentially basic, whereas those greater than 2.5 μm were neutral or slightly acidic. The neutralization ratio (NR) was close to unity for airborne particles with diameters ranging from 0.18 to 1 μm. The NRs of these airborne particles were found strongly correlated with their sizes, at least for samples taken during the aerosol episodes under study. Insofar as this study is exploratory in nature, as only a small number of particulate samples were used, there appears to be a need for further research into the chemical composition, source contribution, and formation of the nano and ultrafine mode airborne particulates.     

天水市麦积区大气总悬浮颗粒物与绿地分布的关系研究

以麦积区城郊2013年实测绿地大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)为根据,应用空间变异分析、克里格插值、重分类等方法,对麦积区城郊绿地大气TSP进行了分析,得出如下结论:当绿地结构是乔木和灌木组成的针阔混交林、森林覆盖率在73%时,大气TSP质量浓度小于0.08mg/m3;当绿地结构是天然林、小部分经济林和绿化带组成的阔叶林、森林覆盖率在51%时,大气TSP质量浓度为0.08~0.20mg/m3;当绿地结构是经济林、绿化带和农田、森林覆盖率在30%以下时,大气TSP质量浓度在0.20mg/m3以上;森林覆盖率在10%左右时,大气TSP质量浓度在9.700~13.548mg/m3。麦积区城市绿地结构和森林覆盖率直接影响大气TSP浓度,这为麦积区城市绿地规划和建设、改善城市环境质量提供了理论依据和技术指导。     

Inhalation of two putative Gulf War toxins by mice

We employed our inhalation methodology to examine whether biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress would be produced in mice following inhalation of aerosols containing carbonaceous particles or the vapor of pesticides prevalent during the first Gulf War. Exposure to two putative Gulf War Illness toxins, fine airborne particles and the pesticide malathion, increased biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in Friend virus B (FVB) female mice. Mice inhaling particles 24 h before had increased lung lavage and plasma Leukotriene B4 (LTB₄) (a biomarker of inflammation) and PGF_2α (a biomarker of oxidative stress) levels, lung lavage protein and lung lavage lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. These changes were a function of particle density and exposure time. Compared to particle inhalation, mice inhaling malathion 24 h before had small increase in plasma LTB₄ and PGF_2α levels but no increase in lung lavage LTB₄, lung lavage protein, lung lavage LDH, and lung lavage alveolar macrophage (AM) levels compared to unexposed control mice. AM from particle-exposed mice contained phagocytosed particles, while AM from malathion-exposed mice showed no abnormalities. Our results indicate that inhaling particles or malathion can alter inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in mice and raise the possibility that these toxins may have altered inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers in Gulf War-exposed individuals.     

Fine atmospheric particles emitted by industrial,traffic and urban sources in France: characterization and genotoxicity

Health risks associated with inhalation of fine particulate matter of 2.5 µm in diameter or smaller depend on their atmospheric levels and physicochemical properties. The relationships between chemical compositions and genotoxic activities of particles emitted by mineral industries, traffic and urban sources during summer and winter in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (France) were investigated.

The fine particles were separated in respect to water-soluble (13 minerals and metals) and organic-extractable (16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) components that were quantified. The chromosome damaging properties of the hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts were assessed using the centromeric micronucleus assay on a human lung fibroblast cell line.

The composition of the fine particulate matter was variable and depended upon the sources and seasons. Both the hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts induced chromosome damage: (1) in hydrophilic extracts, Ca and Zn affected chromosome losses induction; (2) acenapthylene affected chromosome damage (breakages and losses) induction and naphthalene affected chromosome damage and losses induction in lipophilic extracts without metabolic activation; and (3) benzo[a]pyrene affected chromosome losses induction in lipophilic extracts with metabolic activation. Fine particulate matter arising from coal-fired power station, road traffic, and other urban sources were the most efficient to induce chromosome breakage.