露天堆场扬尘量分布的计算

提出了一种计算露天堆场扬尘量分布的方法,根据此方法理论计算了不同风场入口条件下的粉尘颗粒质量分布.并参照美国EPA的风蚀排放因子的方法,将其计算结果与文献资料加以对比.结果显示,计算结果与文献值之间仅相差3.5%,这表明此计算方法较为可信,为进一步详尽地分析颗粒扬尘量的分布提供计算依据.     

我国地表矿物质颗粒物的粒度分布与来源

下垫面的地表矿物质颗粒物是大气气溶胶的源和汇,对生物地球化学循环、环境状况和人体健康产生影响。下垫面地表矿物质颗粒物的粒度分布是表征颗粒行为的重要参数,颗粒物的物理性质、化学性质和环境学性质等都与粒径有关。为探究人为下垫面（城市铺装道路、农村土路和农田等）和自然下垫面（沙漠和戈壁）地表矿物质颗粒物的粒径分布,并分析其影响因素,对城市铺装道路、农村土路、裸露农田、沙漠和戈壁下垫面的地表矿物质颗粒物进行粒度研究。结果表明：从沉积物中值粒径来看,城市铺装道路表现为佛山市南海区（254.9μm）>杭州市桐庐县（247.5μm）>北京市（201.3μm）>南平市延平区（178.7μm）>兰州市（65.5μm）;赣州市湖江镇农村土路为131.3μm;兰州市榆中县裸露农田为21.1μm;沙漠和戈壁表现为腾格里沙漠（272.7μm）>塔克拉玛干沙漠（121.9μm）。总体来说,地表矿物质颗粒物的粒度分布与人类活动、地理位置、风速和季节等因素密切相关,人类活动对粒度分布的影响因人类活动的复杂而难以明确,风速不同将裹挟不同粒径颗粒物,不同季节风速与风向不同,不同地理位置人类活...     

不同粒径大气颗粒物几种重金属成分分析及其致突变性研究

采集冬季太原市一采样点不同粒径大气颗粒物,经分析,总悬浮颗粒物日均浓度为1.04mg/m~3,严重超标。其中粒径小于7.0μm的占49.6％,小于3.3μm的占33.5％。颗粒物无机提取液中5种金属元素的浓度由高到低依次为Pb、Mn、Cr、Ni和Cd。每一种元素均呈随颗粒物粒径减小浓度增高的趋势。以SOS显色法和小鼠体内骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验检测颗粒物的无机提取液和模拟肺泡液溶出液的遗传毒性,表明小粒径颗粒物遗传毒性较强;小于1.1μm的颗粒物,仅用相当于5m~3或10m~3空气量的样品液,即可诱发SOS反应或致染色体损伤。     

甲醇蒸汽在CaO颗粒脱硫反应中的作用机理实验研究

通过在模拟烟气中添加微量的甲醇蒸汽产生自由基从而发生链式反应的方法提高循环流化床干法脱硫反应速率。该实验结果和理论分析表明 :甲醇蒸汽在 90 0℃以下不可能通过热均裂产生自由基 ,而甲醇蒸汽的不完全燃烧过程可以产生自由基 ,引发快速的链式脱硫反应 ,脱硫反应的合理温度为 80 0℃     

天津地区冬季总悬浮颗粒物中PAHs污染特征

采集并分析了天津不同区县13个样点冬季总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)含量.结果表明不同样品间PAHs含量差异明显,东部开发区和中北部区县含量明显高于其它地区,大港油田的颗粒物中PAHs含量很低,市区、南部区县和北部山区居中.根据毒性等效因子计算了等效浓度,不同样品PAHs总等效浓度差异不大,占总浓度50%的高环PAHs毒性贡献达90%.     

煤粒瓦斯扩散行为的气压依赖性研究

为了研究煤粒瓦斯扩散系数对气压的依赖性,应用自主搭建的煤岩吸附瓦斯实验系统进行不同气压条件下的煤粒瓦斯扩散实验,并通过模型拟合得到不同气压条件下的扩散系数,分析扩散系数对气压的依赖性。研究结果表明:实验煤样具有双重孔隙结构;由于煤粒对瓦斯具有吸附性,导致模型拟合得到的扩散系数是表观扩散系数而不是真实扩散系数;表观扩散系数与真实扩散系数呈正比例关系,与等温吸附线斜率呈反比例关系;在低压阶段,煤粒瓦斯扩散由努森扩散主导,此时表观扩散系数与气压呈正比例关系;在高压阶段,煤粒瓦斯扩散由分子扩散主导,此时表观扩散系数与气压呈反比例关系。     

下排气旋风分离器结构优化研究

下排气旋风分离器是一种新型的气固分离装置,但存在对细颗粒夹带严重,导致细颗粒分离效率稍低的现象.采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和拉格朗日坐标系下的离散相模型,对75 t/h循环流化床锅炉的下排气旋风分离器的气固两相流动进行数值研究并提出结构优化措施.结果表明,下排气旋风分离器进口改为减缩型、排气管位置下移并采用圆台入口,对...     

加速溶剂萃取-GC/MS法研究济南市环境空气颗粒物中的多环芳烃

以济南市为研究区域,利用TH-150C型智能中流量总悬浮颗粒物采样器采集了7个点位环境空气颗粒物样品,采用加速溶剂萃取、旋转蒸发、硅胶柱层析、氮吹仪氮吹后用GC/MS测定的实验研究方法,获得了济南市7个点位环境空气颗粒物中16种PAHs的质量浓度和ΣPAHs值.结果表明,7个点位环境空气颗粒物中ΣPAHs的含量在103...     

Chemical, dimensional and morphological ultrafine particle characterization from a waste-to-energy plant

Waste combustion processes are responsible of particles and gaseous emissions. Referring to the particle emission, in the last years specific attention was paid to ultrafine particles (UFPs, diameter less than 0.1 μm), mainly emitted by combustion processes. In fact, recent findings of toxicological and epidemiological studies indicate that fine and ultrafine particles could represent a risk for health and environment. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify particle emissions from incinerators also to perform an exposure assessment for the human populations living in their surrounding areas.To these purposes, in the present work an experimental campaign aimed to monitor UFPs was carried out at the incineration plant in San Vittore del Lazio (Italy). Particle size distributions and total concentrations were measured both at the stack and before the fabric filter inlet in order to evaluate the removal efficiency of the filter in terms of UFPs. A chemical characterization of UFPs in terms of heavy metal concentration was performed through a nuclear method, i.e. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), as well as a mineralogical investigation was carried out through a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) in order to evaluate shape, crystalline state and mineral compound of sampled particles.Maximum values of 2.7 × 10⁷ part. cm⁻³ and 2.0 × 10³ part. cm⁻³ were found, respectively, for number concentration before and after the fabric filter showing a very high efficiency in particle removing by the fabric filter. With regard to heavy metal concentrations, the elements with higher boiling temperature present higher concentrations at lower diameters showing a not complete evaporation in the combustion section and the consequent condensation of semi-volatile compounds on solid nuclei. In terms of mineralogical and morphological analysis, the most abundant compounds found in samples collected before the fabric filter are Na–K–Pb oxides followed by phyllosilicates, otherwise, different oxides of comparable abundance were detected in the samples collected at the stack.     

Drinking water production by ultrafiltration of Songhuajiang River with PAC adsorption

In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration （UF） of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m^2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon （PAC） adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU （below Chinese standard 1 NTU）. It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of CODMn, 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30.