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141.
Isaak Zonneveld 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2003,15(2):152-154
This study includes ome aspects of the shift in the Dutch attitude in relation to water during the past millennia from defense to attack to keeping the balance(“co-evolution“).It has a special focus on the freshwater tidal part,which embraces the largest of the world:Rotterdam ,as well as the largest national park of the Northerlands.It reports especially about a young mans endeavor in half a c century real time monitoring of some land (scape) units with simple means. 相似文献
142.
鸭绿江口的溶解无机氮 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文讨论了1996年5月鸭绿江溶解无机氮的含量和分布变化特征,并同其他一些河口作了比较,鸭绿江口NO3-N,NO2-N,NH4-N的平均含量分别为50.3.0.45和3.05μmol/L,而丹东上游鸭绿江支流瑗河下降的溶解无机氮浓度很高,达203.4μmol/L,主要由农业施用氮肥大量从耕用地中流失所致。 相似文献
143.
We carried out a field study of the plume discharged by a near-shore wastewater outfall near the Akashi Strait, Japan. Using
an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler and a tow-body CTD, we measured the near-surface salinity and temperature fields in the
region throughout an M2 tidal cycle. We filtered the data in T–S space to remove water masses other than the wastewater, and then used the adiabatic
mixing assumption to calculate the concentration of wastewater in the far field of this plume. Averaging the T–S fields of
repeated surveys over a time period during which the tidal regime did not change substantially, allowed comparison of the
time-averaged plume with the analytical solution for a plume diffusing in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. The
resulting vertical turbulent diffusion coefficients agreed well with those resulting from Thorpe scales determined via a vertically-profiling
CTD, as well as with the canonical value for open channel flow of D
z
= 0.067hu
*. The corresponding horizontal turbulent diffusion coefficients, however, were two orders of magnitude larger than those typically
observed in straight channels, and an order of magnitude larger than those observed in meandering rivers. This is likely a
result of enhanced horizontal mixing due to barotropic eddies generated by the interaction of strong tidal flow with headlands
and levees, as well as due to the time-varying nature of tidal flow, and baroclinic spreading of the buoyant wastewater plume. 相似文献
144.
我国东部七省生态系统对酸沉降的相对敏感性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
周修萍 《生态与农村环境学报》1996,(1)
讨论了影响亚热带生态系统对酸沉降敏感性的生态因子,提出了敏感性等级划分的指标体系,根据大量资料编制了我国东部7省1市生态系统对酸沉降相对敏感性分区图。结果表明,在研究区域内生态系统的敏感性有相当大的差别,极敏感区和敏感区面积占全区总面积的1/3以上,主要分布在福建、浙江、江西3省。 相似文献
145.
Interannual variability in global CO2 increment (averaged from the Mauna Loa and South Pole Stations) shows certain strong spatial relationships to both tropical and temperate temperatures. There is a fairly strong positive year-round correlation between tropical mean annual temperatures (leading by 4 months) and annual CO2 throughout the time series since 1960, agreeing with the generally held view that the tropics play a major role in determining inter-annual variability in CO2 increment, with a major CO2 pulse following a warm year in the tropics. This ‘almost no lag’ climatic response is very strong during winter and relatively stable in time. However, the correlation with tropical temperature appears to have weakened in the first years of the 1990s in correspondence of the Pinatubo eruption and the positive phase of the AO/NAO. A secondary concurrent temperature signal is linked to summer variations of north temperate belt. Northern summer temperatures in the region 30–60 °N—and especially in the land area corresponding to the central east USA—have become relatively more closely correlated with CO2 increment. This trend has become increasingly stronger in recent years, suggesting an increasing role for growing season processes in the northern midlatitudes in affecting global CO2 increment. Once non-lagged annual tropical temperature variations are accounted for, terrestrial ecosystems, especially the temperate-boreal biomes, also show a coherent large scale lagged response. This involves an inverse response to annual temperature of preceding years centered at around 2 years before. This lagged response is most likely linked to internal biogeochemical cycles, in particular N cycling. During the study period north boreal ecosystems show a strengthening of the lagged correlation with temperature in recent years, while the lagged correlation with areas of tropical ecosystems has weakened. Residuals from a multiple correlations based on these climatic signals are directly correlated with SO, confirming an additional important role of upwelling in interannual variability of CO2 increment. Cooler summers following the Pinatubo eruption and the possible influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO/AO) are discussed as factors responsible for the shift in the relative importance of different regions over time during the series of data. 相似文献
146.
Sundarban mangrove ecosystem in India is one of the largest detritus based ecosystem of the world and it supplies the detritus and nutrients to the adjacent Hooghly-Matla estuarine complex. In this estuary a group of fish completely detritivorous in nature, belonging to the genus Mugil spp. is present. This group of fish is expected to have important effects on the trophic dynamics of ecosystems, but exact nature of these effects is not known. In order to study the impact that detritivory by fish may have on the estuarine food chain, we developed mathematical formulations. We run two models, one with phytoplankton, zooplankton, carnivorous fish, detritus and nutrient and without this group of fish and a second one after including this fish in the system. In our model this group of fish has no major impact on primary productions of the estuarine system but has extensive role in total fish production. Coexistence of detritivorous fish and carnivorous fish occurs within reasonable parameter range. We have tested different growth rates of phytoplankton, grazing rates and predation rates of zooplankton, detritivorous fish and carnivorous fish for total system equilibrium. Carnivorous fish predation rate on detritivorous fish and detritivorous fish grazing rate on detritus are very important. Different foraging ratios are also tested in this study. Foraging preference of carnivorous fish on detritivorous fish appears significant for the system equilibrium. 相似文献
147.
Lag Effects in the Impacts of Mass Coral Bleaching on Coral Reef Fish, Fisheries, and Ecosystems 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
NICHOLAS A. J. GRAHAM‡‡ SHAUN K. WILSON† SIMON JENNINGS‡ NICHOLAS V. C. POLUNIN JAN ROBINSON§ JUDE P. BIJOUX TIM M. DAW†† 《Conservation biology》2007,21(5):1291-1300
Abstract: Recent episodes of coral bleaching have led to wide-scale loss of reef corals and raised concerns over the effectiveness of existing conservation and management efforts. The 1998 bleaching event was most severe in the western Indian Ocean, where coral declined by up to 90% in some locations. Using fisheries-independent data, we assessed the long-term impacts of this event on fishery target species in the Seychelles, the overall size structure of the fish assemblage, and the effectiveness of two marine protected areas (MPAs) in protecting fish communities. The biomass of fished species above the size retained in fish traps changed little between 1994 and 2005, indicating no current effect on fishery yields. Biomass remained higher in MPAs, indicating they were effective in protecting fish stocks. Nevertheless, the size structure of the fish communities, as described with size-spectra analysis, changed in both fished areas and MPAs, with a decline in smaller fish (<30 cm) and an increase in larger fish (>45 cm). We believe this represents a time-lag response to a reduction in reef structural complexity brought about because fishes are being lost through natural mortality and fishing, and are not being replaced by juveniles. This effect is expected to be greater in terms of fisheries productivity and, because congruent patterns are observed for herbivores, suggests that MPAs do not offer coral reefs long-term resilience to bleaching events. Corallivores and planktivores declined strikingly in abundance, particularly in MPAs, and this decline was associated with a similar pattern of decline in their preferred corals. We suggest that climate-mediated disturbances, such as coral bleaching, be at the fore of conservation planning for coral reefs. 相似文献
148.
夏季长江口及其邻近海域海水及大气中挥发性卤代烃的分布与海-气通量研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
挥发性卤代烃(Volatile halocarbons,VHCs)是大气中重要的痕量温室气体,在全球变暖和大气化学中扮演着重要的角色.运用吹扫-捕集气相色谱法于2016年7月4—16日对长江口及其邻近海域6种常见的挥发性卤代烃(CFC-11、CFC-12、CH2Cl2、CCl_4、C_2Cl_4、CHBr3)的浓度进行了测定.同时,测定了大气中的CCl_4、CFC-11、CFC-12和C_2Cl_4浓度.结果表明,受陆源输入、水团及生物作用因素的影响,海水中6种VHCs的浓度分布总体呈现出近岸高、远海低的趋势.受地理位置和水文等条件影响,不同的VHCs垂直分布有所差别,但浓度的高值区出现在0~20 m水体中.相关性分析表明,CHBr3与Chl-a之间存在显著正相关,说明CHBr3分布受到浮游植物生物量的影响;CCl_4、C_2Cl_4与CFC-11显著正相关,推测三者拥有相似的来源.另外,分析结果显示,CHBr3与pH之间没有相关性.大气中除CFC-11外,CCl_4、CFC-12和C_2Cl_4的平均浓度均高于全球平均值.大气中4种VHCs浓度分布表现出近岸高、外海低的趋势.后向轨迹分析表明,近岸的陆源污染及大气的扩散输送是长江口及其附近海域上方大气VHCs的重要来源.采用双膜模型估算了卤代烃的海-气通量,结果表明,夏季长江口及其邻近海域是大气中CCl_4、C_2Cl_4、CHBr3、CH2Cl2的源. 相似文献
149.
基于生态系统对宝鸡传统乡村旅游新模式进行了探究。首先通过分析宝鸡部分传统乡村旅游的现状,对宝鸡传统乡村旅游现状进行了介绍。提出宝鸡开展民俗旅游的一些不足之处;其次说明基于生态系统理念,对宝鸡传统乡村旅游和生态环境的促进作用;然后提出观光主题公园与乡村民俗旅游的结合,可以更好地促进乡村生态环境和乡村旅游的可持续性发展,更能充分开发旅游资源,丰富旅游项目,促进乡村环境和乡村经济的双重发展,使宝鸡传统乡村旅游新模式得到发展。 相似文献
150.
长江口及其邻近海域沉积物磷的赋存形态和空间分布 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用SMT磷分级法研究长江口及其邻近海域沉积物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征,并探讨了其影响因子.研究结果表明,沉积物中总磷(TP)含量为476.91~980.04μg·g~(-1),有机磷(OP)含量为15.84~139.21μg·g~(-1);而无机磷(IP)为主要赋存形态,其含量为421.67~844.86μg·g~(-1),约占TP 72.9%~96.7%.IP中以钙结合态磷(HCl-P)为主,其含量为186.88~431.69μg·g~(-1),占IP的42.3%~57.79%;而铁/锰结合态磷(Na OH-P)的含量最少,其含量为4.17~52.76μg·g~(-1),仅占IP的2.0%~3.3%.空间分布上,不同形态磷含量具有明显的时空变化特征.夏季TP和IP的含量由咸水端到淡水端呈现出先降低后升高,冬季则先升高后降低的趋势.OP的含量在夏季时无明显分布规律,而在冬季时表现出由咸水端到淡水端降低的趋势.Na OH-P含量在冬夏季均表现为淡水端处较高;HCl-P含量在夏季无明显的变化规律,而冬季时近淡水端处较高.沉积物粒径大小影响磷的赋存形态,表现为夏季粘粒对OP影响较大;冬季粘粒和粉粒与IP存在着负相关性,与OP存在着显著的正相关性.此外,沉积物总有机碳、盐度和碱性磷酸酶活性也是影响磷赋存形态的主要因子. 相似文献