浅谈卧龙特区梯级电站建设对自然保护区的影响

根据笔者参加卧龙特区梯级电站规划中了解到的一些情况,首先阐述了保护区的自然环境和社会环境以及在此背景上造成的当前大熊猫的处境。接着分析了梯级电站建设可能带来的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。同时,又估计到会带来的一些不利影响,重点是对大熊猫的生存环境方面。最后,从加强自然保护角度建议对方案中在核心区布置的一些梯级电站应持慎重态度,并提了几点保护措施。     

Balancing urban development and endangered species: The coachella valley habitat conservation plan

Habitat conservation plans (HCPs) permitted under Section 10(A) of the federal Endangered Species Act, have been increasingly used to overcome conflicts between urban development and species conservation. This article profiles one such HCP, the Coachella Valley (CA) Fringe-Toed Lizard Habitat Conservation Plan. The second HCP officially approved by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Coachella Valley case is frequently cited as a model for resolving conservation and development conflicts. The article begins with a discussion of the use of HCPs, and then provides a detailed discussion of Coachella Valley experience, its history, specific provisions, and success to date. A final section examines whether Coachella Valley does in fact represent a positive model. It is argued that the HCP has been less than fully successful and leaves unresolved a series of fundamental ethical and policy questions concerning the protection of endangered species. Funding for this report was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Foundation.     

山东省生物旅游资源及其开发保护

本文对生物旅游资源的概念和山东省生物旅游资源的现状、开发和保护作了初步探讨。生物旅游资源是旅游资源体系的重要组成部分,主要包括植物旅游资源和动物旅游资源两大类。山东省地理位置优越,生态环境多样,因而具有极为丰富的生物旅游资源.突出表现在种类丰富,珍稀种类众多,时空分布格局较好,鸟类、温带花果为其优势资源,具有较高的观赏、游览和科学考察价值。丰富的生物旅游资源在山东的旅游业中占有独特的位置,应该科学、合理地加以开发,开展生态旅游、观鸟旅游、观果、赏花旅游及科学考察旅游,在开发利用的同时,加强保护。     

毕节地区各土类水土保持树种的Fuzzy评价

根据毕节地区16个主要造林树种的生态生物学特性,结合本区气候和土壤生态条件,运用 Fuzzy 二级评价模型,对各土类水土保持树种的适宜程度进行了综合评价。     

我国矿井环境模拟和控制技术的研究进展

计算机技术的迅速发展,极大地推动了矿井动态通风系统定量分析的研究。本文介绍了我国近年来在矿井火灾时期井下状态模拟和最优控制方面应用新技术获得的进展,并对各种定性及定量分析方法进行比较和评价。文中对建立矿井火灾时期救灾决策系统的研究方向提出了建议,以便能尽快的为矿井灾变时期的救灾指挥决策的实际应用服务。     

论事故与系统危险性的关系

对安全评价中的一些基本概念和参数作了明确的论述,如危险、事故、系统危险性、事故链、固有危险和危险特性、发生事故的难易度与事故概率以及系统可靠度。对澄清当前尚有争论的概念有所帮助,有利于安全评价的顺利进行,也有利于安全科学学科建设。最后对系统危险性的发展趋势作了几点预测。     

将劳动安全卫生教育推向社会

从阐述我国劳动安全卫生教育面临的一个重要方面的问题入手,提出劳动安全卫生教育必须由企业推向社会。还探讨了劳动安全卫生教育推向社会的意义、作用以及具体方法。     

ECOLOGICAL MODELS AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES1

The recent world-wide trend towards centralization of all environmental management functions into one regulatory agency has illustrated the necessity for resources management agencies to adopt a total systems viewpoint. Environmental systems are typically complex and multi-dimensional in nature. Mathematical models for the management of air, water and land resources have found wide acceptance among planners and decision-makers. Ecological models of life processes have not reached the same state of development or acceptance. A general review of ecological systems theory and examples of the types of ecological models that have been developed to date arc presented in this paper. With this material as a background and given the vast literature on engineering and economic models, a conceptual framework for an approach to environmental studies and the analysis of polluted environmental systems is presented.     

SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF ANNUAL FLOODS ON SMALL PENNSYLVANIA WATERSHEDS1

A study is presented of the months in which the instantaneous annual maximum discharges from 66 watersheds occurred. The 2,052 flood values were measured on areas ranging from 2.4 through 214 square miles. The longest record was 60 years; the three shortest were 20. Pictorial results show both the number of floods for each month and individual discharges relative to the mean flood. A parameter which is weighted in this manner accounts for both the incidence and the magnitude of floods. Peculiarities of flood-timing charts, based on this parameter, are discussed with respect to watershed size, soils, geology, and land use. After anomolous watersheds had been assigned to special categories, flood-timing charts from most records exhibit a regional dichotomy dividing eastern from western Pennsylvania.     

LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES1

Applications of linear programming to water quality and water quantity problems are discussed, and a fairly comprehensive sample of recent literature in these areas is reviewed. Basic elements of linear programming are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the elements of linear programming that make it a useful tool for analyzing water resource problems and the basic features of various water resource problems that render them amenable to meaningful analysis by linear programming.