硫酸锰废渣的浸出毒性及无害化处理的研究

研究了硫酸锰废渣的主要金属元素组成及浸出毒性,并采用锰渣加石灰混合的方法进行无害化处理。结果表明,硫酸锰废渣浸出液中Mn和Cd含量超标,锰渣加石灰混合的方法能有效降低废渣的浸出毒性,锰渣与石灰的质量比为25∶2效果最佳。     

炼油厂"三泥"处理技术研究

采用“热萃取／脱水”技术处理炼油厂含油污泥,脱出水中COD小于150mg／L,含油量小于30mg／L,可直接捧入污水处理场。溶剂油取自炼油厂馏分油,原料易得,并且可以循环使用。该技术可以回收污泥中的有价值组份,符合变废为宝、综合利用的方针。     

秦岭安河矿区地表水、沉积物重金属污染研究

以秦岭安河铅锌矿开采区和选矿区为研究范围,通过现场调查和系统采集地表水、沉积物样品,借助原子吸收分光光度计测试样品中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr 5种重金属全量,并对不同重金属的形态含量进行了测定,综合分析了各类重金属在地表水、沉积物中的富集迁移规律,实现了重金属污染程度的综合评价。结果表明:矿区沟道地表水、沉积物已受到严重的重金属污染,重金属元素自上游到下游呈累积现象。下游地表水重金属含量超出农田灌溉用水水质要求。中游、下游沉积物重金属污染指数达到Ⅲ级污染,主要污染物为Pb、Zn。沉积物中重金属的有效态所占比例较高,对周围环境直接威胁大,显示出外源重金属直接注入的特征。     

蔬菜水果中25种有机氯农药残留快速检测方法

采用固相萃取替代传统的液-液萃取技术和柱层析前处理技术，使蔬菜、水果中有机氯25种农药残留迅速得到分离、净化和浓缩．用双柱双ECD气相色谱同时定性、定量测定25种有机氯农药残留；25种农药在6种蔬菜、水果中3个浓度添加水平，平均回收率为70％-120%，变异系数小于20％，在HP-l和HP-17柱上最低检出限分别为：0．0011-0．0600mg／kg，0．0010—0．7575mg／kg．一个蔬菜、水果样品经一次处理，在1．0-l5小时内即可完成农药残留的检测，确定有无超标和违禁农药残留。     

络合萃取法从发酵废液中提取土霉素的研究

采用络合萃取法提取土霉素废液中的土霉素，并以土霉素水溶液作为模拟试液，研究了吡啶类萃取剂对土霉素的萃取规律。结果表明，在中性和弱碱性条件下，选用氯代十六烷基吡啶（PCC）和溴代十六烷基吡啶（PCB）2种产品均可有效萃取废液中的土霉素。在酸性条件下容易反萃得到合格的土霉素结晶产品。     

生物通风修复石油污染土壤的研究进展

生物通风是一种去污效果好、操作费用低的土壤原位修复技术。本文概述了生物通风系统的结构、设计目的、适用范围和优缺点 ,并详细论述了生物通风的国内外研究现状 ,包括现场应用、影响因素和强化技术及理论研究 ,并展望了生物通风在我国的应用前景。     

中国环境与生物标准参考物质中甲基汞的测定

应用了多种分离技术分离有机汞，以气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定甲基汞和乙基汞，测定了一些已经定值总汞的中国环境与生物标准参考物质及一些别国制备的标准测参考物质。采用不同分离技术，所得结果基本一致，也存在些差异。实验室之间的测定结果也很接近。建议上述物质可作为测定甲基汞和乙基汞的标准参考物质。     

孔雀绿萃取光度法测量微量铅的研究

研究了铅（Ⅱ）—碘化钾—孔雀绿（ＭＧ）缔合显色体系。发现在ｐＨ＝４．７的ＨＡｃ—ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，ＭＧ与ＰｂＩ形成稳定的缔合物，可用苯萃取，其最大吸收峰位于６２５ｎｍ处，摩尔吸光系数为１．２×１０￣５Ｌ／（ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ），Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）浓度在０～２５μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，缔合物的组成比为Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）：Ｉ：ＭＧ＝１：４：２。应用此法测定了煤飞灰标样、茶叶、自来水中的铅含量，结果令人满意。     

Urban airborne particulate: genotoxicity evaluation of different size fractions by mutagenesis tests on microorganisms and comet assay

The genotoxic effects of different size fractions of airborne particulate (Total, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5), extracted with acetone or toluene, were evaluated by: the Ames plate test (TA98 and TA100 strains, w/o S9), gene conversion and reversion (w/o endogenous metabolic activation) in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 strain, and the comet assay on human leukocytes. The data on human leukocytes confirm the sensitivity of the comet assay and its applicability to assess genotoxicity in environmental samples. The PM_2.5 fraction of airborne particulate generally shows the highest concentration of DNA-damaging compounds. Genotoxic response, in all the test systems applied, is highly dependent on extraction solvent used. Acetone seems to extract compounds with more similar genotoxic responses in the three test systems used than toluene extracts. Toluene appears to extract air pollutants genotoxic on yeast and leukocytes but is mainly cytotoxic on Salmonella.     

Persistence of C-labeled atrazine and its residues in a field lysimeter soil after 22 years

Twenty-two years after the last application of ring-¹⁴C-labeled atrazine at customary rate (1.7 kg ha⁻¹) on an agriculturally used outdoor lysimeter, atrazine is still detectable by means of accelerated solvent extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. Extractions of the 0-10 cm soil layer yielded 60% of the residual ¹⁴C-activity. The extracts contained atrazine (1.0 μg kg⁻¹) and 2-hydroxy-atrazine (42.5 μg kg⁻¹). Extractions of the material of the lowest layer 55-60 cm consisting of fine gravel yielded 93% of residual ¹⁴C-activity, of which 3.4 μg kg⁻¹ was detected as atrazine and 17.7 μg kg⁻¹ was 2-hydroxy-atrazine. The detection of atrazine in the lowest layer was of almost four times higher mass than in the upper soil layer. These findings highlight the fact that atrazine is unexpectedly persistent in soil. The overall persistence of atrazine in the environment might represent a potential risk for successive groundwater contamination by leaching even after 22 years of environmental exposure.