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41.
The extraction of PCBs from spiked soils using the Medium‐Pressure Liquid‐Extraction method showed good recovery rates. Comparison of MPLE and Soxhlet extraction of naturally contaminated soil showed similar results. However, too large quantities of solvents have to be used in MPLE procedure and the elution profile makes it unlikely, that the aspired separation from PAHs would be sufficient. 相似文献
42.
Despite numerous reviews suggesting that microbial biosensors could be used in many environmental applications, in reality they have failed to be used for which they were designed. In part this is because most of these sensors perform in an aqueous phase and a buffered medium, which is in contrast to the nature of genuine environmental systems. In this study, a range of non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) were assessed for (i) compatibility with a naphthalene responsive biosensor and (ii) correlation with naphthalene biodegradation. The NEETs removed a portion of the total soil naphthalene in the order of methanol > HPCD > βCD > water. To place the biosensor performance to NEETs in context, a biodegradation experiment was carried out using historically contaminated soils. By coupling the HPCD extraction with the biosensor, it was possible to assess the fraction of the naphthalene capable of undergoing microbial degradation in soil. 相似文献
43.
The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was applied to nine roadside soil samples for the determination of Cd, Cr,
Pb and Ni. The extractable metals were isolated into three operationally defined fractions viz: acid extractable, reducible
and oxidizable. The residue was treated with aqua regia solution. Metal analysis was done using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry
with air–acetylene flame. Results obtained showed the concentrations of the metals as relative abundance in the mobile phases
of the samples (based on the sum of the first three fractions) are in the following order: Cd(91.9) > Pb(82.8) > Ni(49.5) > Cr(39.0).
The most non-mobilizable metals were Cr and Ni which are generally lithogenic, associated with the silicate matrix, and the
order is as follows: Cr(61.0) > Ni(50.5) > Pb(17.2) > Cd(8.1). The recovery of all the metals expressed as the ratio of total
metal concentration to fractional sum of the optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was of the order: Cr(95.6) > Pb(95.0) > Ni(94.8) > Cd(92.4). 相似文献
44.
Yuan Meng Weiyi Liu Xiaohui Liu Jinlan Zhang Meng Peng Tingting Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):260-281
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential toxicity. They have wide octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) and different ionization constants (pKa) resulting in a poor analysis accuracy and efficiency. A suitable analytical method is the first prerequisite for further research on their environmental behavior to prioritize the substances. This study reviewed a full-scale analytical protocol for environmental samples in the recent ten years: from sampling to instrumental methods. Passive sampling techniques were compared and recommended for long-term continuous and scientific observation. A quick and effective sample extraction and clean-up method are highly required. Chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for determining PPCPs with a wide range of logKow (?7.53 to 10.80) were summed up. High-resolution mass spectrometry was confirmed to be a promising strategy for screening unknown transformation products, which would provide a nanogram level of detection limits and more accurate mass resolution. Screening strategies and mass change principles were summarized in detail. The recovery rate was important in multiple contaminants analysis identification and factors affecting the recovery rate of PPCPs were also discussed in this review, including sample matrix, target compounds characteristics, extraction method and solid-phase adsorbent. This review provides useful information for the selection of appropriate analytical methods and future development directions. 相似文献
45.
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47.
An environment-friendly and cost-effective extraction method has been studied for the removal of arsenic from contaminated soil. A yellow-brown forest soil was contaminated with arsenic(V) and used as a model soil. Among various potassium and sodium salts, potassium phosphate was most effective in extracting arsenic, attaining more than 40% extraction in the pH range of 6–8 with minimum damage to the soil properties. Exchange mechanism is proposed for the extraction of arsenic from soil by phosphate. Sequential extraction shows that phosphate is effective in extracting arsenic of Al- and Fe-bound forms. Arsenic of residual form was not extracted. Arsenic was efficiently extracted by phosphate solution of pH 6.0 at 300 mM phosphate concentration and at 40°C. 相似文献
48.
萃取法预处理间二硝基苯生产废水 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
间二硝基苯生产废水中含有邻硝基苯磺酸和对硝基横酸,采用三辛胺-煤油作萃取剂对其进行萃取处理,在最佳工艺条件下,经过三级萃取,废水的COD去除率达95%以上,硝基物去除率达98%以上,萃取剂用NaOH水溶液处理后可循环使用。 相似文献
49.
The study of operating variables in soil washing with EDTA 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Zou Z Qiu R Zhang W Dong H Zhao Z Zhang T Wei X Cai X 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):229-236
This study discusses the operating variables for removal of metals from soils using EDTA, including the type of EDTA, reaction time, solution pH, dose, temperature, agitation, ultrasound and number of extractions. For As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, the removal efficiency order was: H4-EDTA > Na2EDTA > (NH4)2EDTA. At low EDTA concentrations the removal increased progressively with increasing dose while above 0.4 mmol/g only small increases in extraction efficiency were observed. EDTA induced a two-step process including a rapid desorption within the first hour, and a gradual release in the following hours. The extraction efficiency of metals decreased with increasing pH in the range of 2-10. Consecutive extractions using low concentrations were more effective than a single extraction with concentrated EDTA if the same dose of EDTA was used. 相似文献
50.
采用固相萃取技术富集海水中的666、DDT,并使用气相色谱进行测定。主要包括不同填料(C8、C18、C18-N)、SPE柱规格(500 mg/3 mL、500 mg/6 mL)、洗脱试剂、上样流速、水样pH和洗脱试剂体积6个因素对666、DDT富集效率的影响。最终确定最优条件为:采用500 mg/6 mL C18SPE小柱,调节海水pH=6,上样流速4~5mL/min,10 mL二氯甲烷洗脱。优化后的固相萃取-气相色谱方法测定海水中666、DDT加标10 ng/L回收率为75.7%~110.4%,精密度为1.16%~4.00%,方法检出限为0.19~1.20 ng/L。 相似文献