Structural Adjustment of Oasis Agriculture in Xinjiang

Abstract

Xinjiang's oasis agriculture has made enormous strides over past decades. Structural adjustment of oasis agriculture sector has promoted production diversification. Xinjiang's oasis agriculture sector is entering a new era. The era means more adjustments in oasis agricultural and rural economic structure so as to realize the sustainable development of agriculture. By summing and analyzing the main problems in Xinjinag's oasis agricultural structure, such as raising farmer's income, industry structure within agriculture, rural urbanization, pressure coming from market, agricultural environment degradation, puts forward the thinking, director and countermeasures to adjust oasis agricultural structure.     

关于“十四五”大气环境管理重点的思考

"十四五"是衔接我国"两个一百年"奋斗目标、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一个五年,"十四五"的大气环境管理需要指向新的目标,同时面临新的挑战。本文通过梳理我国2013年以来大气环境质量改善效果,分析目前大气环境质量的差距,从推进中长期大气环境质量持续改善的视角,研究提出了"十四五"期间关于大气环境管理的定位和相关工作目标,并从完善大气环境管理体系、全面推进结构调整等方面,提出了对"十四五"大气环境管理重点工作的建议。     

考虑心理阈值的突发事件多部门应急决策动态调整方法

针对多部门协同参与应急决策并执行应急方案的情形,提出一种考虑心理阈值的多部门应急决策动态调整方法。首先,将各部门的心理参照点作为识别框架,合成各部门心理参照点的基本概率分配,得到部门协同心理参照点;然后,引入心理阈值区间量化描述决策部门的心理行为,并结合部门协同心理参照点,得到不同情景关于经济损失和人员伤亡的满意度,进而合成情景属性满意度,计算各备选方案的总体满意度,并对方案排序择优;最后,通过案例分析验证本文提出方法的有效性和适用性。     

论我国滨海湿地综合性法律调整机制的构建

滨海湿地是我国湿地的重要组成部分,具有多种生态功能。随着风险社会的到来,各种开发利用行为造成滨海湿地严重的环境资源问题,滨海湿地的保护管理和法制建设成为当务之急。法律调整机制是应对滨海湿地问题的各类调整机制中最重要的部分,但我国现行法律调整机制无法有效解决滨海湿地利用中的“公地悲剧”和利益平衡问题,应该根据社会发展的需要,采取行政调整、市场调整和社会调整相结合的综合性法律调整机制。环境治理理论的兴起和我国第三部门的发展为滨海湿地综合性法律调整机制的构建提供了理论依据和社会基础,应该通过发展滨海湿地区域的环保产业、建立生态补偿制度、完善公众参与环境影响评价的途径、构建滨海湿地的社区共管模式,综合运用行政指导、经济激励、公众参与等各种法律手段完善我国滨海湿地的保护管理     

江苏省城市化战略调整研究

改革开放以来,江苏省城市化水平迅速提高,一直处于全国城市化发展的前列,对全国城市化水平的提高发挥了积极的示范作用。近些年来,江苏省城市化发展在空间格局及动力机制等方面出现了一些新的特征,表现为：大中城市成为城市化人口的主要集聚区,城市化的区域差异不断缩小,城市化发展动力也日趋多元化。同时,江苏省城市化仍然面临着区域差异显著、集聚效应不强、公共服务能力不高、资源环境压力较大等不可回避的问题。随着中国经济增长模式的转型,江苏省城市化战略将会发生适应性的调整。指出以城市土地空间扩张及城市数量增加为主的城市化道路已经基本不适应江苏省新时期新战略的要求,进而提出了今后一段时间全省城市化战略重点的调整方向,即质量提升战略、统筹协调战略及空间优化战略     

VARIABILITY IN ADJUSTMENT PREFERENCES TO GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN THE AMERICAN HIGH PLAINS1

ABSTRACT: This paper explores the adjustments and institutions that residents of the American High Plains prefer in coping with the depletion of the High Plains (Ogallaia) aquifer. The authors identify 48 possible adjustments and report on public preferences for them as determined from a mail survey of 956 respondents in 14 counties. For purposes of analysis, the adjustments are categorized into five groups: user practices, management policies, financial incentives and disincentives, technological fixes, and other. Preferences were also determined among five levels of government to enforce each of the adjustments. Adjustments associated with user conservation practices were generally most preferred while financial incentives and disincentives were least favored. Local groundwater management agencies were the most favored level of institution to administer conservation adjustments followed by the state, county, and federal levels. The most preferred option for 20 adjustments was that no agency should be involved. Respondents in agriculturally related occupations showed less support for water conservation laws and gave greater acceptance to the continuance of existing methods. Irrigators viewed the increasing cost of lifting water as a more serious problem than the depletion of groundwater.     

Channel adjustments to the removal of log steps: an experiment in a mountain stream

Fallen trees and their large debris often form log steps in small mountain streams, where they are incorporated into the hydraulic geometry. The hypothesis here was that these log steps take the place of gravel bars that otherwise would have been required for channel slope adjustment. In this experiment, the treated as well as the control stream were located in virgin mixed conifer forests and until the study began, no human activity had interfered with the natural developments. All log steps were removed from a stream and the formation of new log steps was prohibited by periodic removal of fallen trees and branches. Five years later, 74% of all removed log steps had been replaced by gravel bars, thus proving the hypothesis that increased bedload movement was required to offset the loss of log steps. Implications are that streamside forests should be managed so that they can provide a steady supply of debris for channel stability.     

膜生物反应器工艺联合曝气系统的可行性研究及工程实践

针对目前膜生物反应器(MBR)工程中曝气系统设计与控制方面存在的问题,提出将膜池与生物池曝气管连通并联合调控的工程改造方案,以实现节能降耗的目标。以某实际MBR工程为对象,分别基于伯努利方程和Fluent软件进行计算、模拟和分析,对工程改造方案的可行性、管路与设备等选型进行了研究。结果表明,提出的改造方案是可行的,工程应采用DN250连通管,采用手动蝶阀作为降压阀、电动蝶阀作为调控阀联合工作,可以满足控制需求。据此进行工程改造,系统试运行正常并可以节约14%的能耗,对类似工程设计和改造具有指导意义。     

江苏省地表水监测断面优化调整的构思

讨论了江苏省地表水监测断面设置存在的问题,从国家级和省级管理层面,提出了全省地表水设置的基本原则和调整对策,共涉及124个国家断面以及499个现行省控断面.重点指出江苏省断面设置要充分结合江苏太湖、长江、淮河三大流域的自然规律和地理特点,满足代表性,突出针对性,保持连续性.     

政府行政权力调整对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响——来自“撤县设区”和“省直管县”改革的经验证据

本研究利用“撤县设区”和“省直管县”改革来刻画行政权力向市级政府的集中和分散，构建双重差分模型，基于地级市面板数据，检验了行政权力调整对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明，行政权力集中加强了市级政府的资源统筹调配能力，通过提高技术创新水平、增加环保支出规模、降低工业产值比重等渠道，显著提升了城市绿色全要素生产率。而行政权力分散的影响效应相反，并不利于城市绿色高质量发展。相较而言，行政权力集中的正效应在政府行为规范度较高、市辖区经济较强的城市表现更突出，行政权力分散的负效应在政府行为规范度较低、县区经济相对较强的城市有着充分体现。对于高行政级别的城市，行政权力调整的影响并不显著。据此，从优化各级政府职能体系，分阶段、分类型，渐进式推进行政管理体制改革等方面提出对策建议。