滇西北宁蒗地区喜山期斑岩带形成的构造机制

宁蒗地区地处扬子准地台西缘与松潘-甘孜褶皱系的接合部位．其东为南北向的康滇地轴．西为近南北向的三江构造带。这种特定的区域构造背景决定着本区基本的菱形构造格局。区内北东向金棉-木里断裂将本区划为两个不同的建造-构造区：宁蒗西北区和宁蒗东南区。宁蒗东南区受四条北东向与北西向深断裂为界的宁南菱形构造控制，形成了叙方对称型的宁南反凸双孤联合构造。该宁南反凸双孤联会构造东弧带追踪基底南北向构造所形成的包都-波罗弧形断裂构造，控制了本区喜山期斑岩带的形成和分布。区内斑岩群（体）主要分布于该主干控岩断裂带与其它多方向构造的复合系统中。通过模拟实验，进步验证了区内斑岩带的控岩造机制。     

A critical analysis of environmental evolutionin the loess-plateau area

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SBR用于高浓度有机污水的处理——单级与两级处理系统的比较研究

对单级和两级序批式反应器 (SBR)用于牛场高浓度有机污水的处理进行了试验研究 ,对其污水处理性能进行了比较。结果表明 ,与单级SBR相比 ,两级SBR处理系统可使用较短的水力停留时间而获得较高的污染物去除率和较好的出水水质 ,并可通过硝化过程实现氨氮的完全硝化。     

VOCs released from municipal solid waste at the initial decomposition stage: Emission characteristics and an odor impact assessment

The nuisance from odor caused by municipal solid waste (MSW) is resulting in a growing number of public complaints and concerns. Odor pollution occurs in the initial decomposition stage of MSW, including waste collection, transportation and early pre-treatment. Furthermore, decomposition takes place in waste facilities that are often close to living areas, which can result in odor impacts on local inhabitants. However, this aspect of odor impact from MSW has not been well studied. In the current study, lab-scale waste cells were designed to simulate MSW storage conditions in the early stage. The characteristics of VOCs emissions with different waste compositions were analyzed. The odor concentration (C_O, non-dimensional) method and odor intensity were used for the assessment of odor. Ethanol was the substance with highest emission rate. The release rate of VOCs increased with the growth easily biodegradable waste (EBW). VOCs emissions was reduced by 25% when the proportion of EBW decreased from 60% to 45%. Methyl sulfide, ethanol, dimethyl disulfide and ethyl acetate were identified as typical odorants. The EBW proportion in waste is the main factor significantly influencing odor pollution. The C_O was 244.51 for the 60% EBW condition, which was only 61.46 for 15% EBW condition. These study results provide important information for the implementation of a garbage sorting policy and the monitoring of odor pollution from waste management.     

云南稻核心种质苗期耐冷性及其地理生态差异

采用Nagamine等(1991)法研究了598份云南稻核心种质在稻作区划间、地州间苗期耐冷性强弱、变异程度及其地理生态差异。结果表明,稻作区划间苗期耐冷强弱差异较大,平均耐冷级别为:I(4.70)>II(4.78)>V(4.79)>III(5.34)>IV(5.36),40份强耐冷种质频率为II(45%)>I(25%)>III(22.5%)>V(5.0%)>IV(2.5%),其变异系数为II(32.22%)>I(31.28%)>V(29.65%)>III(19.66%)>IV(19.59%);揭示了苗期耐冷性与低温胁迫下水稻冬春育秧、冷泉水密切相关,其耐冷基因源是云南南部地区冬季育秧和滇中一带苗期倒春寒长期协同进化的结果;苗期耐冷种质广泛存在于热带、亚热带和温带地区,品种间苗期耐冷差异也明显。云南稻核心种质16个地州平均苗期耐冷强弱差异较大。根据气候、生态、云南稻种多样性及其苗期耐冷性等将云南稻作区划分为重冷害多样性贫乏区、冷害多样性中区和轻冷害区三部分。其中,曲靖、大理、楚雄、昆明和丽江5个地州平均耐冷级别3.65~4.32,0—2级苗期强耐冷种质占27.5%(2.5%~10%)和高海拔冷泉水苗期灌溉,属于重冷害多样性贫乏区;文山、红河、思茅、保山、德宏和临沧6个地州平均耐冷级别4.45~5.40,0—2级苗期耐冷种质占70%(5%~30%)和冬春育秧,属于冷害多样性中区;怒江、玉溪、昭通、迪庆和西双版纳5个地州平均耐冷级别5.05~5.87,0—2级苗期耐冷种质占2.5%(0~2.5%),属于轻冷害多样性扩散区。水稻冬春育秧和高海拔冷泉水灌溉在云南稻核心种质苗期耐冷基因源演化中起了重要作用。     

白眉蝮蛇（Agkistrodon halys ussuriensis）蛇毒精氨酸酯酶对小鼠的生殖毒性及F1子代的影响

研究了白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中分离的纯精氨酸酯酶对小鼠的一般生殖毒性及对F1代小鼠的影响 .0 .36U/kg剂量使雄性F0 小鼠体重增长缓慢 ,并使睾丸系数增大 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但病理学检验睾丸和附睾正常 ;该剂量处理孕鼠 ,减轻了胎鼠和新生F1代小鼠的体重 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但对F0 雌性小鼠的生殖功能及F1代小鼠的一般体征、中枢神经系统发育及生殖机能均无影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) .纯精氨酸酯酶对小鼠生殖无毒剂量为 0 .18U/kg .表 2参 9     

印染废水处理工艺改进的应用研究

通过对湘潭纺织厂废水处理工艺存在的问题进行研究和分析 ,对其废水处理工艺进行了改进。采用“二级生物接触氧化 砂滤 活性生物炭”工艺后 ,废水经其处理 ,水质各项指标超过国家一级排放标准 ,水质可以完全回收利用 ,废水处理成本下降 1 3左右。     

水稻灌浆期臭氧暴露对产量形成的影响

利用田间原位开顶式气室(Open-topchamber,OTC)研究了长江三角洲地区水稻灌浆期臭氧(O3)暴露对其产量形成的影响,从而确定灌浆期臭氧胁迫对水稻产量的影响.实验设计4种臭氧水平,即过滤空气(CF,O3浓度10nL·L-1);自然大气(NF,O3浓度40nL·L-1);臭氧动态1(O1,O3梯度为50、100、150nL·L-1,平均浓度70nL·L-1);臭氧动态2(O2,O3梯度为75、150、300nL·L-1,平均浓度170nL·L-1).结果表明,随着臭氧浓度的升高,水稻的株高、穗长、分支、穗粒数及水稻生物量和产量等指标均有下降的趋势,但4种处理间均无显著性差异(p>0.05).在试验浓度下,水稻灌浆期短期高浓度O3暴露对其产量没有显著影响,不会造成明显的产量损失,但与全生育期相比,水稻产量对灌浆期的高臭氧浓度更为敏感.     

A 2.5‐million‐year perspective on coarse‐filter strategies for conserving nature's stage

Climate change will require novel conservation strategies. One such tactic is a coarse‐filter approach that focuses on conserving nature's stage (CNS) rather than the actors (individual species). However, there is a temporal mismatch between the long‐term goals of conservation and the short‐term nature of most ecological studies, which leaves many assumptions untested. Paleoecology provides a valuable perspective on coarse‐filter strategies by marshaling the natural experiments of the past to contextualize extinction risk due to the emerging impacts of climate change and anthropogenic threats. We reviewed examples from the paleoecological record that highlight the strengths, opportunities, and caveats of a CNS approach. We focused on the near‐time geological past of the Quaternary, during which species were subjected to widespread changes in climate and concomitant changes in the physical environment in general. Species experienced a range of individualistic responses to these changes, including community turnover and novel associations, extinction and speciation, range shifts, changes in local richness and evenness, and both equilibrium and disequilibrium responses. Due to the dynamic nature of species responses to Quaternary climate change, a coarse‐filter strategy may be appropriate for many taxa because it can accommodate dynamic processes. However, conservationists should also consider that the persistence of landforms varies across space and time, which could have potential long‐term consequences for geodiversity and thus biodiversity.