直接进样-气相色谱质谱法同时测定固定污染源排气中的含氟温室气体

建立了一种直接进样-气相色谱质谱法同时分离和测定固定污染源排气中三氟甲烷、四氟甲烷、六氟乙烷和六氟化硫等含氟温室气体的方法。使用CP-Sillica PLOT毛细管填充柱可使上述4种目标化合物实现基线分离。分别用全扫描模式和选择离子扫描模式进行定量分析,方法检出限分别为0.12,0.19,0.10,0.08 mg/m~3和2.8,3.4,1.7,3.1μg/m~3。探讨了样品保存容器与保存时间对样品浓度衰减的影响,指出Tedlar采样袋或铝塑复合膜采样袋可以较长时间保存样品,在常温下,样品可保存至少7 d。实际样品测定结果表明方法快速、简便,适用于固定污染源排气中含氟温室气体的测定。     

低压下高温导线电流过载喷射着火研究

以聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)高温阻燃材料为绝缘层的电缆电线,在航天器中有着较广泛的应用,但是关于它们短路过载引起的着火却少有研究。通过低压实验舱模拟微重力下的弱浮力环境,对过载电流下的FEP高温导线的着火现象进行了研究。实验结果表明,由于FEP导线热容高,热解过程中,会在绝缘层与线芯之间积聚热解气体,形成气泡,随后气泡破裂发生喷射着火现象;随着环境压力的增大,FEP热解气泡的宽度逐渐增加,而气泡高度逐渐减小;实验段导线中间位置所受拉伸应力最大,喷射着火发生在中间位置的概率最高;相同氧气浓度下,着火能量随着压力的增加而逐渐降低,而增加氧气浓度则会使着火能量降低。     

Fluorinated alkyl compounds including long chain carboxylic acids in wild bird livers from Japan

A wide range of fluorinated alkyl compounds (FACs) has been reported in wildlife in various locations in the world. However, such information regarding Japanese wildlife is rarely found. In the present study, we investigated the occurrence of 21 FACs, including perfluorinated alkyl sulfonates (PFASs), perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs), and fluorotelomer acids, in the livers of 10 wild bird species from two regions in northern Japan. To avoid interferences, FACs were quantified by a recently developed method using acetonitrile and solid-phase extraction followed by an ion exchange HPLC column separation. Apart from perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which was found at the highest levels of all the compounds detected, several long chain perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) from C8 to C16, particularly perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) and perfluorohexadecanoic acid (PFHxDA), were detected for the first time. Additionally, 7:3 FTCA, a fluorotelomer acid, was also detected in most swan livers from Miyagi prefecture and all the birds from Tochigi prefecture. However, none of the sulfonamides and unsaturated telomer acids were detected in any species. Swans seem to be the least exposed wild birds to FACs among the investigated birds, signifying that feeding habits may reflect FAC accumulation in wild birds. The highest total concentration of detected FACs was 405 ng g⁻¹ wet wt., which was found in a Japanese sparrowhawk, indicating that the top predatory wild birds can accumulate several long chain carboxylic acids. However, the current FAC concentrations found in livers may suggest that these compounds alone would not cause a severe toxic effect in these species.     

An experimental investigation of an inertization effectiveness of fluorinated hydrocarbons in relation to premixed H2–N2O and CH4–N2O flames

An experimental investigation of an influence of trifluoromethane CHF_3, pentafluoroethane C₂HF₅ and perfluorobutane C₄F₁₀ on near-limit hydrogen-nitrous oxide and methane-nitrous oxide premixed flames was performed. Flammability limits, a maximum explosion pressure ΔP_max, maximum rate of pressure rise (dP/dt)_max, and a laminar burning velocity S_u were determined. The flammability area in the case of N₂O as an oxidizer is substantially wider than for the case of the oxidizer which is the mixture of oxygen and nitrogen with the O₂ content 25% (vol.). The dependences of S_u, ΔP_max and (dP/dt)_max on concentration of the fluorinated hydrocarbons are characterizing by an availability of maxima which positions are close to the peak concentrations of the flammability regions. A qualitative interpretation of the results obtained is given.