麦饭石对Pb2+离子吸附的动力学研究

本文研究了水溶液中麦饭石对Ｐｂ＾２＋离子去除的反应动力学,考察了ＭＦＳ粒度、溶液ＰＨ值和铅离子的初始浓度对吸附反应的影响。结果表明,ＭＦＳ对Ｐｂ＾２离子具有较强的吸附性能,ＰＨ值是影响吸附的主要因素,Ｐｂ＾２＋离子吸附的最初速率与浓度符合一级反应动力学;吸附过程符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温式;离子交换和表面络合反应是主要吸附形式。     

A Minimal Model of Adiabatic Isotherms Surfacing in Very Shallow Waters

Based on a phenomenology that is rather frequent in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea), we analytically model the short time evolution of the temperature field inside a shallow layer of coastal water induced by a sudden offshore wind. In particular, we reproduce in a very simple way the unsteady surfacing of the isotherms forced by the marine current circulating in a vertical plane perpendicular to the coastline. The model is in agreement with the observations of a significant event recorded on 25 June, 2002 in the Gulf of Trieste.     

Thermodynamics of tetracycline adsorption on silica

The adsorption of antibiotic tetracycline onto silica particles was investigated. The effects of pH, electrolyte concentration and temperature on the adsorption equilibrium were examined and the data correlated with a dual site adsorption model. Adsorption of tetracycline onto approximately 9% of the adsorption sites was found to be irreversible, whereas the rest exhibited Langmuir behaviour. Increasing pH of the solution had a strong negative effect on the adsorbed amounts. Adsorption decreased also with increasing ionic strength and temperature. The enthalpy and entropy of adsorption were found to be approximately −16 and −25 J/mol, respectively.     

天然沸石对溶液中氨氮吸附特性的研究

为了探讨天然沸石对NH4 的吸附规律,以浙江缙云出产的粒径为2~3.2mm的天然斜发沸石为实验材料,进行吸附等温线实验和吸附动力学实验。结果表明,实验沸石对NH4 的吸附等温线符合Langmuir公式,且对氨氮吸附量的极限值为1.624mol·kg-1;实验沸石对NH4 的吸附反应符合一级动力学方程,反应速率常数为0.1882h-1。通过监测溶液中各阳离子浓度的变化,可确定沸石晶体内与NH4 进行交换的主要离子为Ca2 和Na ,二者占交换总量的96%以上;在交换反应初期,出现了由于沸石晶体中的离子在固液两相中的再分配所造成的离子交换的不等量现象。     

黄土对钕(Ⅲ)和铈(Ⅲ)在不同pH下的等温吸附特性

研究了黄土对钕 (Ⅲ )和铈 (Ⅲ )在不同pH下的等温吸附特性 ,采用Langmuir及Freundlich两种吸附模型对吸附数据进行了描述 .并分析、比较了线性及非线性两种拟合的方法 .非线性拟合 ,由于数据形式没有转换 ,求得的模型参数较线性方法比较可靠 ;非线性拟合结果表明 ,在低pH( =3 ,5 75 )下 ,等温吸附行为更符合Langmuir模型 ,而在高pH( =6 1,6 9)下 ,更符合Freundlich模型     

沉积物颗粒表面分形特征的研究

通过一阶分子连接性指数^1X与分子表面积TSA之间的相关性计算出吸附分子的尺度，采用分形吸附等温线法计算出妫河沉积物的Ds为2．379，官厅沉积物的Ds为2．836．基于沉积物对N2的吸附．脱附等温线数据，采用FHH(Frenkel-Halsey-Hill)方程计算出两种沉积物的表面分形维数Ds，发现官厅沉积物与妫河沉积物的Ds相差不大；温度影响Ds主要是由于升温改变了沉积物的组成与结构．在本实验中采用热力学模型(thenmodynamic model)计算出的Ds值大都超过3．此外，沉积物的Ds与其比表面积、矿物含量、CEC、有机质的相关性差．以萘、菲、芘作为码尺计算出的Ds并不完全是表面空间填充能力的客观表现，而是表面吸附过程的一个重要的综合性特征参数．     

壳聚糖的改性及其去除废水中染料物质的性能研究

采用戊二醛交联FeCl_3制备改性壳聚糖吸附处理染料废水,以20 mg·L~(-1)的亚甲基蓝溶液作为处理对象,探究氯化铁改性壳聚糖(FeCl_3-CTS)投加量、废水p H值、反应时间对其处理亚甲基蓝废水性能的影响,并对吸附动力学、吸附等温线过程进行拟合.结果表明,FeCl_3-CTS对亚甲基蓝废水的处理效果远高于未改性壳聚糖(N-CTS),尤其是在投加量为0.1 g·L~(-1)、p H=6的条件下,经FeCl_3-CTS处理50 min后,亚甲基蓝废水的脱色率高达99.4%,FeCl_3-CTS对亚甲基蓝的吸附容量高达198.8 mg·g~(-1),与N-CTS的54.8%和109.6 mg·g~(-1)相比,均有显著的提高.吸附动力学、吸附等温线拟合结果显示,FeCl_3-CTS对亚甲基蓝废水的吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学方程(R2=0.9992)和Langmuir等温线方程(R~2=0.9995).     

Removal of Cd2+ from water by Friedel's salt (FS:3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O): Sorption characteristics and mechanisms

The development of low-cost and efficient new mineral adsorbents has been a hot topic in recent years.In this study,Friedel's salt (FS:3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O),a hexagonal layered inorganic absorbent,wa...     

Adsorptive removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modified bentonite clay (organoclay): Kinetic and competitive adsorption isotherm

Cationic surfactant (Hexadecyltrimenthylammonium chloride) modified bentonite clay was prepared and systematically studied for its adsorption behavior as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous phase. Organo modified clay shows better capacity for the removal of three dyes. The adsorption process was found to be dependent on pH and initial dye concentration. The maximum dye sorption was found to be at a pH of 9.0 (99.99% for MB, 95.0% for CV and 83.0% for RB). The adsorption capacity for the dyes was found to be 399.74, 365.11 and 324.36 μmol/g for MB, CV and RB, respectively at 30 °C. The equilibrium uptake was attained within 240 min. The kinetic studies were revealed that sorption follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model which indicates chemisorption between adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. Adsorption isotherm indicates non-energetically adsorption sites which fit with Freundlich isotherm model. The fitness of kinetics and isotherm models was evaluated by using HYBRID error analysis function. Competitive adsorptions of dyes were studied by using binary component systems.     

Mg/Al水滑石微波共沉淀法合成及其对BrO3-吸附性能的研究

采用微波共沉淀法和普通共沉淀法合成了Mg/Al水滑石,分别记做Mg/Al LDHs-MW和Mg/Al LDHs-H.通过XRD、BET、SEM和FT-IR等手段对Mg/Al水滑石结构进行表征.结果表明,微波共沉淀法合成的水滑石结晶度较好、粒径较小,孔径为41.13 nm,粒径为427.08 nm.序批次实验考察了投加量、溶液pH值和再生次数等因素对溴酸根(BrO-3)吸附性能的影响.结果表明,Mg/Al水滑石吸附BrO-3过程可用准二级动力学模型描述,吸附规律符合Langmuir等温吸附方程.对比Mg/Al LDHs-H的饱和吸附量(q0=288.74μg·g-1),Mg/Al LDHs-MW对BrO-3具有更强的吸附能力(q0=321.26μg·g-1).在动态连续流条件下,利用Thomas模型模拟3组Mg/Al LDHs-MW对BrO-3的动态吸附数据,拟合得到吸附柱最大的吸附容量为288.81μg·g-1.当填料高度为10 cm,进水浓度为800μg·L-1,进水流量为4.0 mL·min-1时,模型的相关性系数为0.92,表明实验数据与模拟穿透曲线吻合.