突出行业特点的安全工程专业教育研究

以我国安全工程专业学科建设过程为背景,分析安全工程专业教育存在的学科建设速度快、涉及知识面广、注重通识性教育等现状,结合我国近两年特大安全事故所表现的行业特点,从解决当前我国生产安全问题、培养高层次安全专业人才、促进安全学科发展3个方面入手,阐明安全工程专业教育中突出行业特点,进一步加强该领域安全工程专业教育建设的重要性,针对突出行业特点的安全工程专业教育模式提出了几点建议,特别强调安全科学与安全技术联系与独立的重要性,学科建设结合每个学校自己的特色方向和以点带面的建设及发展模式.     

Ground influence on high-pressure methane jets: Practical tools for risk assessment

High-pressure gaseous methane release is a relevant safety-related problem mainly in the Oil and Gas industry. As well documented, the reason for these safety concerns is connected with the severe consequences of the domino effect subsequent to the possible ignition. In risk assessment activities, estimation of the damage area is of primary importance in order to draw up proper safety guidelines. To do this, loss prevention specialists use quick and well-established numerical tools (i.e., integral models) in their daily activities. However, the presence of an obstacle in the flow field of the jet (e.g., the ground) is a more probable situation to deal with. It is known that integral models fail in this kind of scenario, leading to unreliable predictions. Hence, the present work investigates how an industrial ground surface influences the LFL cloud size of a horizontal high-pressure methane jet. An innovative quick procedure is proposed allowing to determine the height below which the ground begins to influence the LFL cloud size and the extent of such influence. Therefore, this procedure allows practitioners to establish when integral models can be used and when not to use them, and also provides a simple and reliable alternative to their use. These analytical instruments are derived from an extensive computational fluid dynamics analysis performed with Ansys Fluent 19.0.     

多齿马先蒿与刺齿马先蒿花部形态、昆虫访花频率及种子产量比较研究

若尔盖高原的马先蒿属植物花部形态多样化,为探讨花冠差异是否与不同的繁殖对策相联系,在该区四川红原县分别对短管无喙的多齿马先蒿(Pedicularis polyodonta)和长管具喙的刺齿马先蒿(P.armata)的花部形态、昆虫访花频率和种子产出进行了比较研究.多齿马先蒿的花冠呈"鸟头"状,多个花的集合与鸟群相似,因此特别检测了这种拟态是否具有规避鸟类和蝗虫或吸引蜂类传粉的功能.研究发现,与刺齿马先蒿相比,多齿马先蒿的花冠较小、数量较少,但花蜜含量较高,因此蜂类访问频率较高,结实率高.两种马先蒿的单花种子产量没有显著差异;多齿马先蒿单个个体的种子数量较多,但种子较小.研究表明,为提高繁殖成功率,多齿马先蒿倾向于依赖花质量(如花蜜含量所指示)和种子数量,而刺齿马先蒿倾向于依赖花数量.蝗虫对两种马先蒿的危害没有显著差异,说明多齿马先蒿的"鸟头"拟态不具有规避蝗虫的功能;在具有"鸟头"花冠的多齿马先蒿的样地,鸟类的拜访频率较刺齿马先蒿显著较少,但蜂类的访问频率显著较高,说明"鸟头"拟态可能与规避鸟类、保护传粉者有关,其拟态功能需要进一步实验验证.图2表1参37     

煤矿区土地修复的生态系统服务功能改善研究

采用3S技术,对我国典型的煤炭资源枯竭型城市石嘴山市煤炭开采区的生态修复前后的生态系统服务进行了分析。采用2001年与2011年两期LandsatETM和TM遥感影像图的人工解译与变化监测,分析了煤矿区的土地利用覆盖变化。并通过建立响应的评价指标体系,对其成功的治理煤矸石山,改造塌陷区,建立煤矿地质公园,将塌陷区改善为生态湿地等活动的生态系统服务功能变化进行了全面定量化评价。研究表明,通过10年的土地修复,采矿迹地的生态恢复能够提高其生态系统服务功能10倍左右,尤其是环境美学功能受到社会广泛认同。     

全生物降解地膜原料颗粒对土壤性质、小麦生长和养分吸收转运的影响

全生物降解地膜是解决白色污染问题的有效途径之一,但其对土壤-植物系统的影响尚不清楚.为全生物降解地膜大面积应用的安全性评价提供依据,采用盆栽试验研究了全生物降解地膜原料颗粒种类（H、 S和X）和用量(2.5、 10和40 g·kg^-1)对土壤理化性质、生物学性质及植物生长和养分吸收转运的影响.结果表明,3种全生物降解地膜原料颗粒显著提高土壤pH,但对土壤有机质含量影响不显著,H地膜颗粒中高用量和S地膜颗粒低中用量时对土壤硝化作用及土壤氮的有效性有积极作用,而X地膜颗粒则表现为抑制作用;H地膜颗粒使土壤有效磷含量提高,S和X无显著影响;X地膜颗粒使土壤有效钾含量提高,S和H无显著影响. 3种全生物降解地膜颗粒对土壤酶活性的影响因地膜种类、用量和酶的类型的不同而异,随着地膜颗粒用量提高,3种土壤酶活性均呈现下降趋势.对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）生长而言,除低中用量的S处理外,其余处理均抑制小麦的生长,其中X地膜颗粒对小麦根、茎叶和籽粒生物量抑制作用最大且随地膜颗粒用量提高小麦生物量抑制效果越明显.对小麦养分而言,在地膜颗粒低用量时促进氮吸收、高用...     

浅谈如何提升辽河博物馆的环保教育功能

辽河博物馆是建设生态文明的教育、研究基地,是珍藏辽河历史、展示辽河未来的重要载体。辽河博物馆环保内涵丰富,可以通过提升讲解水平、开展多种环保主题活动、加强学术研究等途径来增强自身特色,进一步提升环保教育功能。     

清河流域水生态维持功能评估

利用野外样点调查数据、遥感解译数据和多年降水监测数据,从生物多样性维持功能、生境维持功能和水资源支持功能3个方面对2011年清河流域水生态维持功能进行评估,为"十二五"期间水专项在清河流域开展水环境管理技术实施示范效果评估奠定基础。结果表明:2011年清河流域生物多样性维持功能和生境维持功能较好,而水资源支持功能较差。建议通过开展生态保护工程增加植被覆盖度,增强水资源支持功能和水土保持能力。     

The two faces of high self‐monitors: Chameleonic moderating effects of self‐monitoring on the relationships between personality traits and counterproductive work behaviors

This study examines whether and how self‐monitoring moderates the relationships between two personality traits (agreeableness and conscientiousness) and counterproductive work behavior directed toward the organization (CWB‐O) and toward other employees (CWB‐I). High self‐monitors strive to attain personal goals related to status and prestige enhancement by adjusting their behavior to what the situation requires or allows for. We propose that the status enhancement motive can take on two different yet related forms—impression management (interpersonal potency) and opportunism (win‐at‐all‐costs)—depending on relevant situational cues. We hypothesize that in public, interpersonal settings where their behavior is visible to others, high self‐monitors' desire to enhance their status by looking good to others suppresses the natural expression of low agreeableness via increased engagement in CWB‐I. Conversely, we hypothesize that in private, non‐interpersonal settings where their behavior is rarely visible to others, high self‐monitors' desire to enhance their status by doing whatever it takes to get what they want intensifies the natural expression of low conscientiousness via increased engagement in CWB‐O. On the basis of two independent samples of participants, results of moderated multiple regression analyses provided support for the hypotheses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冲击响应谱时域合成算法研究

为利用电动振动台进行模拟冲击环境试验给出了一种时域冲击波形合成方法.依据冲击响应谱时域合成的一般原则,选择合成小波中的正弦窗波作为基本波形,给出了确定各基本波形的波形参数的方法.计算结果表明本文所提算法是有效的,所合成的时域冲击波形能够满足参考冲击响应谱的精度要求,为开发冲击谱试验的控制软件研究者提供了一种思路.     

试论灌草在水土保持林中的作用

多年的生产实践和调查研究发现:水保林中的灌草对改良土壤、提高肥力、截持径流、保水保土等都有重要作用,因此在生态建设中要实行保护原有灌草植被、乔灌草混交等有利于保持水土、提高土地产出率的技术措施,使灌草的生态作用充分发挥出来。