环境水系统中氯氟烃替代品降解产物TFA的测定

三氟乙酸为氯氟烃替代品的降解产物,对植物和土壤微生物群落的生长有一定抑制作用.建立测定TFA质量浓度的实验方法,将样品中的三氟乙酸与甲醇在硫酸溶液中衍生化为三氟乙酸甲酯(MTFA),利用三氟乙酸甲酯的易挥发性,以顶空进样进行富集浓缩.使用质谱定性手段确定出峰时间,再通过电子捕捉检测器ECD对实际样品进行分析.仪器检测限为30μg/L,方法检出限约为30ng/L,加标回收率60%～90%.     

工业废水对洹河有机污染的调查与分析

采用适当的样品前处理技术,利用GC/MS对洹河水及焦化厂、染料厂废水进行有机污染物的分析,确定了工业废水对洹河造成有机污染的主要化合物,从而为企业污水的处理和洹河治理提供依据.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定废水中三乙胺和苯胺

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱法建立了测定废水中三乙胺和苯胺的方法,对萃取条件和气相色谱条件进行了优化。方法的相对标准偏差为0．5％～0．8％,加标回收率为96．3％～107．0％。总分析时间小于1h,适用于快速分析废水中胺类化合物。     

乌鲁木齐市新市区大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的GC/MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC/MS)分析测定了乌鲁木齐市新市区的大气气溶胶样品16种EPA优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量。通过索氏提取气溶胶样品,抽提物经硅胶层析柱分离,使用16种多环芳烃混合标准样品绘制标准曲线,以外标法对PAHs进行定量分析,并根据所得数据浅析了多环芳烃污染来源。结果表明,乌鲁木齐市新市区大气中由于汽车尾气排放和煤的燃烧造成的多环芳烃污染均存在。     

汞矿地区人发中甲基汞的气相色谱测定

本文采用气相色谱法测定人发中甲基汞，对人发的酸度，浸取时间，人发与酸液的比例，以及无机汞存在的影响作了测定和选择，方法的平均回收率９６．６％，精确度２．８％，方法可靠性用氢化物原子荧光法核对，结果一致，并对我国某矿区职工，儿童及产妇发样分析结果作了讨论。     

Determination of neonicotinoids in Estonian honey by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry

The aim of the study was to provide a comprehensive overview of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in honey samples for a single country and compare the results with the import data for neonicotinoid pesticides. The levels of four neonicotinoid pesticides, namely thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid, were determined in 294 honey samples harvested from 2005 to 2013 from more than 200 locations in Estonia. For the analyzed honey samples, 27% contained thiacloprid, and its levels in all cases were below the maximum residue level set by the European Union. The other neonicotinoids were not detected. The proportion of thiacloprid-positive samples for different years correlates well with the data on thiacloprid imports into Estonia, indicating that honey contamination with neonicotinoids can be estimated based on the import data.     

预处理-水解酸化-厌氧-好氧工艺对玉米淀粉废水有机污染物的降解

采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)、三维荧光光谱(EEM)等检测手段分析预处理/水解酸化/厌氧/好氧组合工艺对玉米淀粉废水有机污染物的降解情况。结果表明,竖流沉淀预处理阶段对TOC平均去除率36.7%,废水中主要为芳烃、烷烯烃以及杂环类物质,EEM产生的5个荧光峰均为芳香蛋白类有机物;水解酸化阶段大部分杂环以及芳烃类有机物水解成有机酸和醇类物质,TOC平均去除率22.7%;厌氧阶段TOC平均去除率最高,达到97.8%,废水中以芳烃和烷烯烃为主,荧光峰减少至2个且强度减弱;好氧阶段TOC平均去除率为61.3%,有机物主要为难降解的长链烷烃物质,芳香蛋白类有机物荧光峰全部消失,新生成了与微生物代谢相关的腐殖酸类物质。     

PVC包装材料中酞酸酯增塑剂残留的ASE-GC-MS分析

针对PVC包装材料中酞酸酯（PAEs）增塑剂残留，采用加速溶剂萃取（ASE）和GC／MS联用技术分析5种PAEs（DMP，DEP，DBP，BBP，DEHP），结果表明加速溶剂萃取用于PVC包装材料中PAEs的提取，最佳温度条件为120℃，最佳循环次数为3次。方法检出限达到0．1mg／kg，回收率达到95．5％-99．8％；并且具有很好的重现性和精密度。     

焦化废水中有机物在A1-A2-O系统各段的降解与转化

在厌氧酸化－缺氧－好氧（A1－A2－O）生物膜系统小试装置中处理焦化废水，以探讨有机物在各阶段的降解与转化情况。通过UV吸收光谱及GC／MS分析发现，上海焦化厂废水中的有机组分主要为：甲酚、苯酚、二甲酚等酚类化合物，及以喹啉、吲哚为代表的含氮杂环化合物，约占有机物总量的90％。经A1－A2－O生物膜系统处理后，大部分有毒有害难降解有机物得到了降解和转化。厌氧段中原有物质浓度的增加和新物质的生成，是厌氧酸化使部分有机物降解产生中间产物而造成；缺氧段使大部分有机物被完全降解或转化，还产生一些新的简单有机物，如卤代烃、酯类、醛类等；经好氧段反应后，有机物进一步降解和转化，部分被完全去除，在降解转化过程中又产生了一些中间产物和衍生物，如苯酚、羟基喹啉等。     

Evaluation of phenanthrene toxicity on earthworm (Eisenia fetida): An ecotoxicoproteomics approach

The goal of this study was to identify promising new biomarkers of phenanthrene by identifying differentially expressed proteins in Eisenia fetida after exposure to phenanthrene. Extracts of earthworm epithelium collected at days 2, 7, 14, and 28 after phenanthrene exposure were analyzed by two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and quantitative image analysis. Comparing the intensity of protein spots, 36 upregulated proteins and 45 downregulated proteins were found. Some of the downregulated and upregulated proteins were verified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS and database searching. Downregulated proteins in response to phenanthrene exposure were involved in glycolysis, energy metabolism, chaperones, proteolysis, protein folding and electron transport. In contrast, oxidation reduction, oxygen transport, defense systems response to pollutant, protein biosynthesis and fatty acid biosynthesis were upregulated in phenanthrene-treated E. fetida. In addition, ATP synthase b subunit, lysenin-related protein 2, lombricine kinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, actinbinding protein, and extracellular globin-4 seem to be potential biomarkers since these biomarker were able to low levels (2.5 mg kg⁻¹) of phenanthrene. Our study provides a functional profile of the phenanthrene-responsive proteins in earthworms. The variable levels and trends in these spots could play a potential role as novel biomarkers for monitoring the levels of phenanthrene contamination in soil ecosystems.