Three decades of changes in water environment of a large freshwater Lake and its relationship with socio-economic indicators

Tai Lake (Ch: Taihu) has attracted international attention forcyanobacteria blooms. However, the drivers of cultural eutrophication, especially long-term socio-economic indicators have been little researched. The results of research demonstrate how socio-economic development affected quality of water and how it has been improved by anthropogenic activities. This study described variability in indicators of water quality in Tai Lakeand investigated thedrivers. Significant relationships existed between concentrations of annual mean total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), and population, per capital gross domestic production (GDP) and sewage discharge (p?<?0.05). However, mechanisms causing change varied among TN, TP, COD and BOD. Before 2000, the main contributors to increases in concentrations of TN were human population, GDP and volumes of domestic sewage discharges. After 2000, discharges of industrial sewage become the primary contributor. After 1998, the regressions of annual mean TN, TP and COD on per capital GDP, population and domestic sewage discharge were reversed compared to the former period. Since 1999, an apparent inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and economic development has developed, which indicated that actions taken by governments have markedly improved quality of water in Tai Lake. The statistical relationship between BOD and per capital GDP didn’t conform to the Kuznet curve. The U-shaped Kuznet curve may offer hope for the future that with significant environmental investments a high GDP can be reached and maintained without degradation of the environment, especially through appropriate management of industrial sewage discharge.     

京津冀地区典型城市地表水质污染类型划分及驱动力研究

根据京津冀地区典型城市水环境污染的主要来源,选取工业COD排放量,工业氨氮排放量、工业废水排放量、生活COD排放量、生活氨氮排放量、生活污水排放量共6项指标,对区域经济发展水平与水污染物排放之间的关系进行研究。基于经济发展水平和污染排放特征,利用系统聚类法划分城市类型,利用回归分析研究污染排放指标对GDP的贡献。结果表明:京津冀地区废水及主要污染物排放特征存在明显的行政区划差异性:A类城市中,生活污染源已超越工业污染源成为该地区水污染物排放的重中之重;B类城市和C类城市污染控制重点仍需放在工业污染源减排上。经过多年努力,主要工业污染物排放量已得到了有效的控制,生活污水排放量已成为京津冀地区不容忽视的减排对象。今后,应在此基础上针对不同行政区划内的污染排放特征,加强政策的针对性。     

基于指标体系和层次分析法的洱海流域水环境承载力动态研究

为了定量分析人口增长、经济发展、资源短缺和环境污染等因素对流域水环境的综合影响,根据水环境承载力概念模型并结合洱海流域水环境现状,建立了水环境承载力多目标优化模型.同时,选取人口、灌溉面积、国民生产总值(GDP)、化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)作为水资源和水质量承载力指标,并运用层次分析法(AHP)确...     

绿色GDP核算方法初探

以狭义绿色GDP涵义为基础,以广东省为例探讨了绿色GDP的核算方法,并估算了该省2003年的绿色GDP。研究结果表明,2003年广东省自然资源价值损失为184.05亿元,占当年GDP的1.37%;环境污染损失为553.43亿元,占当年GDP的4.12%;绿色GDP为12 712.45亿元,占当年GDP的94.52%。     

I_eGTX方程与I_eGT_e方程:我国经济增长过程中SO_2和COD排放分析

通过在IGT方程中引入废物排放率(X),建立了定量分析经济增长与废物排放量之间关系的IeGTX方程与IeGTe方程,并分别给出对应于IeGTX方程与IeGTe方程的废物排放率年下降率的临界值(xk)和单位GDP废物排放量年下降率的临界值(tek);运用IeGTX方程与IeGTe方程分别对工业部门及全国的SO2和COD的排放量(港、澳、台除外)进行了分析.结果表明:2000—2006年工业SO2和COD排放率基本上逐步降低,1997—2008年单位GDP的SO2和COD排放量分别降低了61.72%和71.89%.     

黑龙江省经济增长与水环境质量之间的关系研究

选择黑龙江省为研究对象,以经济增长与环境污染水平的计量模型环境库兹涅茨曲线做为理论基础,利用黑龙江省2000年到2015年间的统计数据,选取人均GDP、工业废水排放量和生活污水排放量三个指标,分别模拟黑龙江经济增长与工业废水和生活污水的关系曲线,建立模型,分析得出工业废水的排放量随经济的增长呈先减少后增加的变化趋势,增加到一定程度后,工业废水的排放量又逐渐降低;生活污水排放量随着人均GDP的增加先下降后增加的变化趋势,并提出相应的措施来保护好水环境.     

绿色国内生产总值(GDP)核算

在文献１和２中，我们从实现资源经济一体化核算出发，设计出了资源─经济一体化核算投入产出表，并对有关核算问题（如环保费用测定问题、价格决定问题等）进行了研究，给出了相关的结果。作为后续研究，本文继续以投入产出核算为研究背景，主要对涉及总量核算尤其是“绿色”国内生产总值核算问题进行深入研究。     

A suggestion for Korean resource productivity management policy with calculating and analyzing its national resource productivity

In this study, we suggested a criterion of Korean resource productivity calculation method including its range which is not generalized yet and analyzed its level by reviewing the resource productivity management policies and study trends of the major advanced countries. The material flow indexes that are widely used in major advanced countries, such as the domestic material consumption (DMC), were used to establish the resource productivity calculation method with estimation the domestic resource productivity during 2000–2010. As of 2010, the DMC was 590 million ton, GDP was 1 trillion dollars and DMC-based resource productivity was 1.75 thousand US dollars/ton, which was continuously increased during last ten years with 8.0%, 50.0%, and 38.9%, respectively. This increase tendency was not because of DMC reduction through resource management but because of just large GDP increase. The results of the comparison with other countries indicated that Korea had the lower resource productivity level and also the lower increasing rate than major advanced countries such as the UK and Japan, and required an efficient resource management plan for improvement. Therefore, we finally suggested a Korean resource productivity policy direction to construct its sustainable system for its improvement.