Developing the ethical matrix as a decision support framework: GM fish as a case study

The Ethical Matrix was developed to help decision-makers explore the ethical issues raised by agri-food biotechnologies. Over the decade since its inception the Ethical Matrix has been used by a number of organizations and the philosophical basis of the framework has been discussed and analyzed extensively. The role of tools such as the Ethical Matrix in public policy decision-making has received increasing attention. In order to further develop the methodological aspects of the Ethical Matrix method, work was carried out to study the potential role of the Ethical Matrix as a decision support framework. When considering which frameworks to apply when analyzing the ethical dimensions of the application of agri-food biotechnologies, it is important to clarify the substantive nature of any prospective framework. In order to further investigate this issue, reflections on the neologism “ethical soundness” of an ethical framework are presented here. This concept is introduced in order to provide more structured evaluations of a range of ethical tools, including ethical frameworks such as the Ethical Matrix. As well as examining the philosophical dimensions of the method, theoretical analysis and literature studies were combined with stakeholder engagement exercises and consultations in order to review the Ethical Matrix from a user perspective. This work resulted in the development of an Ethical Matrix Manual, which is intended to act as a guide for potential user groups.     

Ethical Analysis of the Use of GM Fish: Emerging Issues for Aquaculture Development

Improvements in production methods over the last two decades have resulted in aquaculture becoming a significant contributor to food production in many countries. Increased efficiency and production levels are off-setting unsustainable capture fishing practices and contributing to food security, particularly in a number of developing countries. The challenge for the rapidly growing aquaculture industry is to develop and apply technologies that ensure sustainable production methods that will reduce environmental damage, increase productivity across the sector, and respect the diverse social and cultural dimensions of fish farming that are observed globally. The aquaculture industry currently faces a number of technology trajectories, which include the option to commercially produce genetically modified (GM) fish. The use of genetic modification in aquaculture has the potential to contribute to increased food security and is claimed to be the next logical step for the industry. However, the potential use of these technologies raises a number of important ethical questions. Using an ethical framework, the Ethical Matrix, this paper explores a number of the ethical issues potentially raised by the use of GM technologies in aquaculture. Several key issues have been identified. These include aspects of distributive justice for producers; use of a precautionary approach in the management of environmental risk and food safety; and impacts on the welfare and intrinsic value of the fish. There is a need to conduct a comparative analysis of the full economic cycle of the use of GM fish in aquaculture production for developing countries. There is also a need to initiate an informed dialogue between stakeholders and strenuous efforts should be made to ensure the participation of producers and their representatives from developing nations. An additional concern is that any national licensing of the first generation of GM fish, i.e., in the USA, may initiate and frame an assessment cycle, mediated by the WTO, which could dominate the conditions under which the technology will be applied and regulated globally. Therefore, an integrated analysis of the technology development trajectories, in terms of international policy, IPR, and operational implications, as well as an analysis of a broader range of ethical concerns, is needed.     

GM(1.1)模型在水磨河水体污染预测中的应用

以水磨河，搪瓷厂桥，七纺桥，联丰桥，米泉桥4个监测断面，以近6a来的BOD3、DO的环境监测值为依据，应用灰色理论建立GM（1．1）模型，对各断面冬季（10月-3月），夏季（4月-9月），全年的BOD5、DO浓度进行预测，并在此基础上进一步分析了水体污染变化的原因。     

灰色系统理论对大气环境质量评价和预测

把大气环境看作是灰色系统,考虑到青岛市大气环境的实际情况,利用灰色统计决策对青岛市的大气环境质量数据进行分析,得到大气环境质量保持在尚清洁水平;利用GM（1,1）模型对SO2、NO2、PM10进行模拟预测,短期预测结果表明,青岛市SO2、PM10的浓度呈下降趋势,NO2的浓度呈上升趋势。     

CFG桩复合地基沉降预测的灰色理论模型对比研究

CFG桩复合地基的工后沉降受到多种不确定因素的影响。本文根据灰色系统理论的处理方法,分别采用普通GM(1,1)模型、新息GM(1,1)模型和新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型,对采用CFG桩进行地基处理的某建筑物地基沉降进行了预测。结果表明:新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型由于淘汰掉旧的沉降数据、加入新的沉降数据,所以能够更准确地模拟CFG桩复合地基沉降的真实情况。     

福建省工业废气排放量的因子分析与灰色预测

随着工业化进程的不断加快,工业化带来了经济腾飞,同时也带来了环境问题。工业排放的废气量逐年上升,对大气环境质量构成巨大威胁。如何有效的管理工业废气的排放,首先就要求在未来短时间范围内对工业废气的排放量做出正确的预测。运用灰色关联度方法,定量分析了福建省工业废气排放量的影响因子。利用灰色系统理论建立了工业废气排放量的GM(1,1)模型,并与多元线性回归模型对比,证实该模型具有一定的可行性和使用性,为福建省工业废气的分析预测和治理提供依据。     

恒温加速退化试验的灰色预测

针对恒温加速退化试验数据处理中的贫数据问题,利用灰色建模所需数据量少的优势,提出了加速寿命的灰色预测方法.将灰色GM(1,1)模型与阿伦尼乌斯方程相结合,提出了加速退化试验有效性判断依据和常温贮存寿命外推方法,并在某型三极管的加速退化试验数据处理中进行了成功应用.将此外推方法与曲线拟合方法进行了比较,结果表明该模型具有...     

GM（1， 1）正弦模型修补气温监测缺失数据的探讨

目的建立预测精度较好的大气温度监测缺失数据修补的方法和模型。方法采用正弦函数对GM(1,1)标准模型进行修正,建立分段的GM(1,1)正弦修正模型对缺失数据进行修补。以万宁试验站某天监测的温度日记时值数据为试验数据,同时建立GM(1,1)标准模型、GM(1,1)时序修正模型和GM(1,1)正弦修正模型,对比分析各模型的修补误差,确立较好的修补模型。结果从模型的拟合效果分析,GM(1,1)标准模型和GM(1,1)正弦修正模型的拟合性最好,GM(1,1)时序修正模型的拟合性相对较差一些;从预测精度上分析,GM(1,1)标准模型和GM(1,1)时序修正模型预测修补效果差,平均相对误差分别达到22.54%和17.70%,而GM(1,1)正弦修正模型预测修补的平均误差仅为3.14%,得到了较大的改进,预测效果好。结论正弦修正模型能很好地修补缺失数据,其修补效果比时序修正模型和标准模型都要好。     

基于LabVIEW和Arduino的无人机辐射监测系统设计与实现

目的克服传统环境核辐射监测的局限性,设计一种搭载GM计数管的固定翼无人机进行高空远距离环境核辐射剂量率监测的系统。方法系统通过编程简单、拓展强等开发特点的Arduino单片机完成探测器的硬件设计,同时利用LabVIEW的强大VISA通讯模块实现地面站的设计,最后借助无人机自驾仪Pixhack以实现对无人机稳定可靠控制。结果系统地面站操作界面简洁,测量数据图表直观。探测器对于放射源具有较好的计数响应。Pixhack对飞行平台有良好的稳定和控制作用。结论系统借助GM计数管作为辐射探测器探头,能够完成高空远程辐射监测任务,在结构设计仍具有很大的拓展空间,可满足日常环境核辐射本底剂量率普查,以及核应急、大范围辐射监测、远程辐射监测等任务。     

山东省二氧化硫排放总量的预测模型

介绍了灰色理论之GM(2,1)模型的建模思想,并成功地应用于山东省SO_2排放总量的预测,其结果与实际情况一致性很好,表明GM(2,1)模型预测区域SO_2排放总量是可行的。