恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺处理生活污水

通过对恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺处理生活污水工程应用的研究,结果表明:恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺在降低工程成本和减少设备量的同时能较好的去除污水中的污染物,具有良好的脱氮除磷效果,COD去除率可达85%~93%;TP的去除率可达84%;TN的去除率可达82%。     

高温蒸汽灭菌处理技术处置医疗废物工艺设计

高温蒸汽灭菌处理技术是近几年开发的新型医疗废物处置技术,并在全国部分地区得到了应用和推广。以西北某市医疗废物处置工程中高温蒸汽灭菌处理技术的应用为例,通过对其工程原理、系统组成、工艺流程等的分析论证共同探讨其工程原理和性能特点,为今后在工程实际中的运用提供参考。     

The pattern of species turnover resulting from stochastic population dynamics: The model and field data

The model of random population dynamics in a sampling site returns geometric distribution of longevities of continuous presence (=persistence) and Poisson distribution of the presence–absence transitions. This discrete-time stochastic process describes the presence–absence pattern observed in the beetles surveyed 6 years on Mount Carmel, Israel. Homogeneous pools of species mostly on the Families rank, exhibit the predicted by the model patterns. Conformity to an ergodic hypothesis is the criterion of ecological homogeneity. This criterion assumes the equivalence of short-term behavior of entire pool and long-term behavior of any species from this pool. The pool of all 801 species of Order Coleoptera does not match the model. Thus a taxon of an arbitrary rank may not be considered a priory as a unit of ecological study. Determined from field data parameters of the model are biased and magnitude of the bias depends on longevity of the survey. Parameter of distribution depends also on species tolerance, which is the level adaptation of given species to given environment in given time interval. Random process of species turnover may be considered as a game of species to gain their presence against deteriorative fluctuations of environmental conditions.     

不同温度下MESBR工艺和传统的SBR工艺对比试验研究

在不同温度下,研究了流化填料分格式SBR工艺(简称MESBR工艺)与传统的SBR工艺的COD去除率,有机物降解速率,脱氮效果和污泥沉降性能。结果表明:MESBR系统温度下降到5℃时,COD的去除率基本稳定在90%以上,比传统SBR系统高出15%左右;MESBR系统与传统SBR系统的温度系数θ分别为1.021和1.045。温度由20℃下降至5℃时,传统SBR系统的TN和NH3-N去除率分别降低26.5%和20%,而MESBR系统分别降低18.6%和11%。传统SBR系统SVI值随温度变化较大,当温度下降到5℃时SVI值达到234.8 mL/g,而MESBR系统的SVI值没有明显的变化,基本维持在120~130 mL/g。     

约翰内斯堡工艺的工程实践

通过监测城市污水处理厂约翰内斯堡工艺脱氮除磷各处理单元实际运行情况,分析该工艺实际运行效果,探讨该工艺中溶解氧(DO)、污泥龄(SRT)、碳源等因素对系统脱氮除磷效果的影响。     

Neutral modelling of agricultural landscapes by tessellation methods—Application for gene flow simulation

Neutral landscape models are not frequently used in the agronomical domain, whereas they would be very useful for studying given agro-ecological or physical processes. Contrary to ecological neutral landscape models, agricultural models have to represent and manage geometrical patches and thus should rely on tessellation methods. We present a three steps approach that aimed at simulating such landscapes. Firstly, we characterized the geometry of three real field patterns; secondly, we generated simulated field patterns with two tessellation methods attempting to control the value of some of the observed characteristics and, thirdly, we evaluated the simulated field patterns. For this evaluation, we considered that good simulated field patterns should capture characteristics of real landscapes that are important for the targeted agro-ecological process. Real landscapes and landscapes simulated using either a Voronoi or a rectangular tessellation were thus compared when used as input data within a gene flow model. The results showed that neither tessellation method captured field shapes correctly, thus leading to over or (small) under estimation of gene flow. The Voronoi tessellation, though, performed better than the rectangular tessellation. Possible research directions are proposed to improve the simulated patterns, including the use of post-processing, the control of cell orientation or the implementation of other tessellation techniques.     

Integrating multi-criteria evaluation techniques with geographic information systems for landfill site selection: a case study using ordered weighted average

This paper presents a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis approach for evaluating the suitability for landfill site selection in the Polog Region, Macedonia. The multi-criteria decision framework considers environmental and economic factors which are standardized by fuzzy membership functions and combined by integration of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and ordered weighted average (OWA) techniques. The AHP is used for the elicitation of attribute weights while the OWA operator function is used to generate a wide range of decision alternatives for addressing uncertainty associated with interaction between multiple criteria. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated by different OWA scenarios that report landfill suitability on a scale between 0 and 1. The OWA scenarios are intended to quantify the level of risk taking (i.e., optimistic, pessimistic, and neutral) and to facilitate a better understanding of patterns that emerge from decision alternatives involved in the decision making process.     

AHP在概率风险评价中的应用

专家估计是 PRA的一个重要数据来源 ,为得到可信的估计值 ,分析人员要选择多个专家并对其估计进行综合。对影响专家估计的因素建立了层次模型 ,用 AHP对几个专家的估计进行了分析 ,给出其合理的权值 ,并进行了简单的灵敏度分析     

SBR法处理麻生物脱胶废水

利用 SBR工艺处理麻生物脱胶废水 ,对 CODcr、NH3-N的降解、SBR厌氧段和处理后水是否可回用进行了研究。实验结果证明 ,当进水 CODcr 15 0 0 mg/ L左右 ,MLSS的 CODcr负荷≤ 0 .74kg/ kg· d时 ,废水各项指标均可以达到 GB8978-1996苎麻脱胶废水综合排放二级标准 ,且可回用脱胶     

秦皇岛市生态环境景观生态学研究

运用景观分类与评价、景观结构与功能分析、景观生态安全格局判断等景观生态学原理和方法对秦皇岛市生态环境进行了研究,结果表明:秦皇岛景观类型丰富独特,景观空间格局对主要生态过程有重要影响,对1986～1996年间景观变化定量分析的结查显示由于人工干扰指数的提高,使自然景现类型数量减少,并出现破碎化,从而降低了景观多样性和景观优势度,易导致系统的生产力、稳定性、自维持性趋向于降低。