ACQ防腐处理对沙柳沙障防腐性能影响

采用氨溶烷基铵铜防腐剂（ACQ）处理沙柳沙障,比较不同浓度ACQ防腐剂对沙柳沙障抗折强度损失率的变化。结果表明：不同浓度处理的沙柳沙障抗折强度损失率存在显著差异,抗折强度损失率随浓度的变化规律为3．0％〈2．5％〈2．0％〈1．5％〈1．0％〈CK。     

降低油品在储运过程中损耗的措施

论述了油品蒸发损耗带来的严重危害,分析油品损耗产生的原因,针对收、发、储、过程中所暴露出来的问题,采取适当的降耗措施,解决油品储运过程中的损耗。     

Associations between economic loss,financial strain and the psychological status of Wenchuan earthquake survivors

This study examines the effects of economic loss on the life satisfaction and mental health of Wenchuan earthquake survivors. Economic loss is measured by earthquake impacts on the income and houses of the survivors. The correlation analysis shows that earthquake impact on income is significantly correlated with life satisfaction and depression. The regression analyses indicate that earthquake impact on income is indirectly associated with life satisfaction and depression through its effect on financial strain. The research highlights the importance of coping strategies in maintaining a balance between economic status and living demands for disaster survivors.     

温度和氯离子浓度对30CrMnSiNiA腐蚀速率的影响研究

目的研究温度和氯离子浓度对金属腐蚀速率的影响。方法通过失重法研究对比30CrMnSiNiA结构钢在不同氯离子浓度和温度下的腐蚀速率。结果 30CrMnSiNiA钢的腐蚀速率都经历了一个增大-减小-趋于稳定的过程,说明腐蚀机理并未发生改变。在温度较低和氯离子浓度较低的条件下,升高温度和氯离子浓度将会提高腐蚀速率;当温度和氯离子浓度很高时,继续升高温度和氯离子浓度将会降低溶液中溶解氧的含量,使腐蚀速率降低,溶解氧的极限扩展速率将会成为限制腐蚀速率的关键因素。结论不同温度和氯离子浓度下金属腐蚀规律相同,温度和氯离子浓度在一定范围内促进了金属的腐蚀速率。当超过转化点后,提高温度和氯离子浓度会降低腐蚀速率。     

哈尔滨市水土流失现状调查与分析研究

随着《土壤污染防治行动计划》的出台,开展土壤侵蚀调查以及构建土壤环境治理体系的任务,摆在了面前.黑龙江省于2010年-2012年开展第一次水利普查水土保持专项普查,以该次普查成果为基础,结合实地调研,对哈尔滨市水土流失现状展开调查.结果表明:哈尔滨市土壤侵蚀类型以水蚀为主,水蚀面积为13 157.51 km2,占全市总面积24.78%,占全省土壤侵蚀总面积16.06%,超全省平均水平8个百分点;冻融侵蚀面积为1.5 km2,仅占全省冻融侵蚀面积的0.01%.针对水土流失现状,分析了水土流失成因,并提出了相应防治措施.     

A reply to panagos et al., 2016 (Environmental science & policy 59 (2016) 53–57

We respond to the article by Panagos et al. in Environmental Science & Policy 2016, 59, 53–57. We first outline the history of assessing water erosion of cultivated land in Britain, to place in context why a model approach has not been considered the best way to assess erosion in Britain. Since 1982 a field- based approach has been consistently chosen. We then consider three particular points of contention between ourselves and Panagos et al.—1) the importance of wash erosion, 2) the cost of carrying out a field-based assessment of erosion, and 3) that the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation should be the harmonized method to assess soil loss. Last, we respond to individual points made by Panagos et al. before drawing some conclusions. One conclusion is that a more harmonious way of assessing erosion was put forward in 2004 by Gobin et al. combining both field-based and model assessments, but unfortunately that route was not taken by researchers at the Joint Research Centre.     

Paying the Extinction Debt in Southern Wisconsin Forest Understories

Abstract: The lack of long‐term baseline data restricts the ability to measure changes in biological diversity directly and to determine its cause. This hampers conservation efforts and limits testing of basic tenets of ecology and conservation biology. We used a historical baseline survey to track shifts in the abundance and distribution of 296 native understory species across 82 sites over 55 years in the fragmented forests of southern Wisconsin. We resurveyed stands first surveyed in the early 1950s to evaluate the influence of patch size and surrounding land cover on shifts in native plant richness and heterogeneity and to evaluate changes in the relative importance of local site conditions versus the surrounding landscape context as drivers of community composition and structure. Larger forests and those with more surrounding forest cover lost fewer species, were more likely to recruit new species, and had lower rates of homogenization than smaller forests in more fragmented landscapes. Nearby urbanization further reduced both alpha and beta understory diversity. Similarly, understory composition depended strongly on local site conditions in the original survey but only weakly reflected the surrounding landscape composition. By 2005, however, the relative importance of these factors had reversed such that the surrounding landscape structure is now a much better predictor of understory composition than are local site conditions. Collectively, these results strongly support the idea that larger intact habitat patches and landscapes better sustain native species diversity and demonstrate that humans play an increasingly important role in driving patterns of native species diversity and community composition.     

Effects of Future Infrastructure Development on Threat Status and Occurrence of Amazonian Birds

Abstract:  Researchers predict that new infrastructure development will sharply increase the rate and extent of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. There are no predictions, however, of which species it will affect. We used a spatially explicit model that predicts the location of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon by 2020 on the basis of historical patterns of deforestation following infrastructure development. We overlaid the predicted deforested areas onto maps of bird ranges to estimate the amount of habitat loss within species ranges. We also estimated the amount of habitat loss within modified ecoregions, which were used as surrogates for areas of bird endemism. We then used the extent of occurrence criterion of the World Conservation Union to predict the future conservation status of birds in the Brazilian Amazon. At current rates of development, our results show that at least 16 species will qualify as threatened or will lose more than half of their forested habitat. We also identified several subspecies and isolated populations that would also qualify as threatened. Most of the taxa we identified are not currently listed as threatened, and the majority are associated with riverine habitats, which have been largely ignored in bird conservation in Amazonia. These habitats and the species they hold will be increasingly relevant to conservation as river courses are altered and hydroelectric dams are constructed in the Brazilian Amazon.     

基于支持向量机的洪水灾情综合评价模型

在阐述支持向量机的基本原理、二值分类和多值分类技术及各自特性的基础上，结合洪水灾情综合评价中受自然环境、社会经济等诸多因素的影响且实测样本资料较少的特点，以及目前已有评价模型不能或难以解决的小样本、“过学习”、局部最小等实际难题，提出了基于支持向量机的洪水灾情综合评价模型，并应用实例进行了验证。研究结果表明，此模型和传统的灾情评估法、人工神经网络评价模型一样有效合理，并且模型运算时间比人工神经网络模型要短。因此，不仅为洪水灾情综合评估提供了一种新的模型，而且由于支持向量机遵循统计学习理论中结构风险最小化的原理，具有解决有限样本、非线性及高维识别中的优势，必将比其他传统的评价模型得到更广泛的应用和发展。〖     

The new assessment of soil loss by water erosion in Europe. Panagos P. et al., 2015 Environmental Science & Policy 54, 438–447—A response

We respond to an article by Panagos et al.—‘The new assessment of soil loss by water erosion in Europe’ in Environ. Sci. Policy, 2015, 54, 438–447. It is aimed at helping policy makers make better decisions. The assessment uses a Geographical Information Systems approach based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. RUSLE is based on data gained from plot experiments. The authors assume RUSLE is the only way to assess erosion and ignore critiques of erosion models and other ways of assessing erosion. A different way of assessing water erosion, based on collecting information on extent, frequency and rates, mainly from farmers’ fields but also grazed uplands, has been carried out over recent decades in Britain. The two ways of assessing erosion, one largely theoretical, the other based on reality, evolved in response to particular situations. However, they should relate well to each other. We show that the model is inappropriate to assess soil loss by water erosion in Britain, not only for agricultural land but also for uncultivated land. Predicted high rates of erosion do not relate well to where erosion actually occurs and are too high, and the model takes no account of the spatial extent of erosion on the ground. In other words, the model does not reflect reality. Policy decisions should not be taken based on such a model. Erosion must be assessed in a better way with a large field-based element.