The possibility of prenatal diagnosis by gene dosage: Confirmation of duplication 10q24→qter from Got-l activity in fetal erythrocytes

The activity of four enzymes, including GOT-1, has been investigated in the erythrocytes of a 10q→24qter trisomic fetus. Analyses have been performed on a feto-maternal blood mixture sampled by fetoscopy and on red cells obtained by cardiac puncture, following therapeutic abortion. The demonstration of a 40 percent increase of GOT-1 activity, as compared to normal fetuses of similar gestational age, suggests that gene dosage studies may be a useful confirmatory technique in prenatal diagnosis of unbalanced chromosomal aberrations. Practical application of a similar diagnostic approach is conditioned by (1) precise characterization of fetal chromosome imbalance; (2) confirmed assignment of the gene locus coding for the gene product under investigation; (3) evidence of a linear proportionality between gene dose and concentration of the gene product in patients with the same chromosome imbalance detected in the fetus; (4) knowledge of the range of normal variation at different weeks of gestation of the enzyme activity to be tested in the fetus; (5) safety of fetal sampling procedure.     

Runoff and soil loss from steep slopes treated with low cost bioengineering measures

Soil loss and surface runoff patterns were studied in erosion plots developed on manmade steep slopes (60 percent) over three years (1997–2000) in which rainfall ranged from 1338.4 to 1429.2 mm/year. Surface runoff and soil loss was examined under three different rainfall intensity classes. Runoff was mainly controlled by the rainfall distribution pattern on the seasonal scale. The soil loss was influenced by runoff during the first year. Both soil loss and runoff were reduced due to bioengineering measures in the first year irrespective of species planted. In the third year, combined effects of growth of grasses on protected plots, soil compaction and sediment exhaustion was noticed on runoff and soil loss. This was reflected by reduction in the runoff and soil loss from untreated and treated plots. In the high intensity class, reduction in runoff in treated plots was about 50 percent in three years and reduction in soil loss ranged between 94–95 percent in all plots. Physical treatment with brushwood structures was more efficient in erosion control in the low intensity class.     

安徽地震灾害直接损失预测

对安徽省潜在地震灾害直接损失进行了预测。指出阜阳、涡阳、泗县、合肥、灵壁、定远等七个县市是未来震害的主要防御区。     

地面沉降灾害经济损失评估理论体系研究——以上海市地面沉降灾害经济损失评估为例

地面沉降灾害的致灾过程具有一定的内在规律性。地面沉降灾害不仅直接造成受灾体的破坏损失 ,而且还通过其他载体间接造成受灾体的破坏损失。这使得地面沉降灾害成灾过程表现出一定的复杂性 ,从而加大了人们正确认识和评估地面沉降灾害经济损失的困难。本文基于地面沉降灾害成灾机理分析 ,对地面沉降灾害造成的经济损失进行了系统分类 ,并根据不同类型的经济损失 ,有针对性地提出了相应的评估原则和评估方法 ;同时还提出了地面沉降灾害经济损失应评估的三类指标 ,即经济损失指标、控沉经济效益指标和风险经济损失指标。     

灾害经济损失的空间特征指标及其计算

本文将灾害的经济损失划分为财产损失、救灾费用和效益损失；将每种经济损失按其空间特征划分为内部经济损失和外部经济损失；提出了各种内部经济损失、外部经济损失的计算内容和计算方法；还对几个概念性问题进行了讨论．     

RECHARGE ESTIMATES USING A GEOMORPHIC/DISTRIBUTED-PARAMETER SIMULATION APPROACH,AMARGOSA RWER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: Average-annual volumes of runoff, evapotranspiration, channel loss, upland (interchannel) recharge, and total recharge were estimated for watersheds of 53 channel sites in the Amargosa River basin above Shoshone, California. Estimates were based on a water-balance approach combining field techniques for determining streamflow with distributed-parameter simulation models to calculate transmission losses of ephemeral streamflow and upland recharge resulting from high-magnitude, low-frequency precipitation events. Application of the water-balance models to the Amargosa River basin, Nevada and California, including part of the Nevada Test Site, suggests that about 20.5 million cubic meters of water recharges the ground-water reservoir above Shoshone annually. About 1.6 percent of precipitation becomes recharge basinwide. About 90 percent of the recharge is by transmission loss in channels, and the remainder occurs when infrequent storms yield sufficient precipitation that soil water percolates beyond the rooting zone and reaches the zone of saturation from interchannel areas. Highest rates of recharge are in headwaters of the Amargosa River and Fortymile Wash; the least recharge occurs in areas of relatively low precipitation in the lowermost Amargosa River watershed.     

特殊阻力与喷枪喷头结构合理设计

喷枪喷头的结构设计和加工质量可大幅度地影响射流质量和喷射效果。本文重点论述了合理结构设计对减少特殊阻力、提高喷头效率的影响。同时提出了减少特殊阻力的具体措施。这对提高射流的打击效果和工作效率大有稗益。     

石化企业内浮顶罐挥发性有机物排放量核算与影响因素分析

以某石化企业内浮顶罐为实例,根据AP-42公式,从浮顶罐结构、油品性质、周转量及环境因素4个方面对内浮顶储罐的VOCs排放进行研究。计算结果表明：浮盘缝隙损耗和挂壁损耗是内浮顶储罐VOCs排放的主要来源;浮盘构造、周转量、罐壁锈蚀程度及边缘密封形式是内浮顶罐VOCs损耗的主要影响因素;罐漆颜色、储罐直径、油品种类及储液温度为次要影响因素;固定顶支撑柱数量、环境湿度及环境风速对储罐挥发损耗的影响较小。针对分析结果,提出降低储罐VOCs挥发损耗的措施。     

攀西-六盘水地区生态环境的整治对策

通过对攀西-六盘水地区水文、地质、矿产、气候、人文等诸方面情况的调查研究,分析了造成该地区生态环境严重破坏的原因,结合“攀西-六盘水地区生态环境保护与综合整治规划”,提出了区内主要城市环境污染的治理,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流和水土流失的整治措施,以及实施此规划的对策,最终达到对资源的综合开发与保护,实现生态系统良性循环的目的。     

FIRST-YEAR EFFECTS OF CLEARCUTTING AN OAK-HICKORY WATERSHED ON WATER YIELD1

ABSTRACT: Two intermittent streams on oak-hickory watersheds in southern Illinois were gaged with a V-notch weir and sampled with an automatic water sampler. Baseline data was collected for a period of three years. Flow volume showed large variations between years and watersheds. Water samples were analyzed for Na, K, Ca, Mg, ortho-P, and NO₃-N. Water quality was consistently high, but there were significant differences between the watersheds during the calibration period. One watershed was clearcut in November 1979. One year of postharvest data has been analyzed. Flow volume increased 95 percent, but there was no evidence of increased sedimentation. There were significant increases in the stream water concentrations of K, Mg, and NO₃-N of 18 percent, 8 percent, and 274 percent, respectively. Nutrient budgets for the site were not adversely affected by the harvest. The clearcutting operation appears to have had a small impact on the watershed due to minimal disturbance during the logging and below normal precipitation the first year following the harvest.