职业噪声危害控制的对策——“听力保护计划纲要(草案)”要点

分析了国内职业噪声危害和控制的现状,提出有效控制我国职业噪声危害的途经是制定并执行有效的听力保护计划。还详细给出了“听力保护计划纲要(草案)”的要点。该纲要(草案)是劳动部劳动保护科学研究所根据国内外在听力保护方面的多年经验,并结合我国国情起草的。此纲要(草案)在北京清河毛纺厂试点,业已取得明显效果。     

某在建氟化工厂重大危险源辨识应急预案

介绍了江西某化工厂建设氟化工厂项目的生产工艺流程，指出了该工程中存在的危险源，对无水氟化氢及液氨等危险源进行了评定，提出了应急预案。     

A biotechnological agenda for the third world

Third World countries should exploit the genetic information stored in their flora and fauna to develop independent and highly competitive biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. The necessary condition for this policy to succeed is the reshaping of their universities and hospitals—to turn them into high-caliber research institutions dedicated to the creation of original knowledge and biomedical invention. Part of the service of the Third World foreign debt should be co-invested with the lending banks in high technology enterprises. This should be complemented with an active program of investments in First World biotech companies and university research departments which could contribute to the solving of problems connected with the First World. These strategic alliances would allow effective training of molecular biologists, improvement of South American universities, and education of biotechnologists, managers, and lawyers in the complexities of high-technology business. The establishment of real joint ventures between developed and underdeveloped countries might contribute to change the present strained relations between the North and the South, and science and technology could become real forces of social and economic development.     

A SURVEY OF STATE WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAMS IN THE U.S.1

ABSTRACT: Adequate water supplies are critical to the maintenance of a community's health and economic well-being. Across the nation communities are struggling to meet an expanding demand for water from municipal, industrial, agricultural, recreation, water quality, and power generation users. As the demand grows and communities actively compete with one another for a limited water supply, states are being called upon to help solve the problem. One possible solution that is being used in many areas is the development and implementation of a water conservation program to stretch the limited supply as far as possible. using a mailed survey, state water conservation programs and some of the characteristics of the different programs were documented. Responses to the nationwide survey were obtained from all 50 states. The specific water conservation program elements on which information was received from the survey included laws and restricted use, community assistance, education, research, and other services. Recommendations for states developing or considering the development of a water conservation program are outlined.     

路网防救灾空间场域结构与形态的建构研究

从路网、路域的结构和资源分布特点出发,以系统安全与资源理论为指导思想,提出防救灾空间场域的理论假设和资源整合方案。并基于大系统控制论等分析方法,对空间场域概念的操作化进行了初步学理建构。以救援组织行为要素等为第一分析单位,探讨了应急管理活动中多要素空间的系统建构设想。防救灾空间场域建构是路网预案管理系统可靠性的一种多要素评价参考方案,对路网减灾规划设计具有一定现实意义。     

爆炸冲击波在建筑群中传播规律的数值模拟研究

为了研究建筑群的布局特性对爆炸冲击波传播的干扰作用及爆炸对周围环境的影响,笔者基于任意拉格朗日多物质流固耦合算法,对空气采用ALE网格,爆轰产物采用JWL状态方程,利用LS-DYNA程序对TNT理想爆炸源的爆炸进行了数值模拟,并与经验公式的计算结果进行了对比,得出了数值模拟方法可行的结论。在该基础上,以一个建筑小区为例,对其遭受爆炸后的响应作了进一步模拟研究。结果表明,建筑物的密度和布局方式对爆炸场的数值与形态都有敏感作用,因此,在城市规划建筑布局阶段,应考虑建筑密度和布局对爆炸冲击波的影响。     

藁城市污水处理厂二沉池进口设备适应化改造

通过对一种国外应用较广的污泥虹吸系统的适应化改造可行性论证,对其实施了一种在改进效果、改造风险、改造难度以及成本方面都较优的改造方案。通过1a的试运行,整个系统运转正常,整体改造十分成功。     

石油石化海外项目员工心理健康管理初探

分析了海外项目员工的心理状态,提出了相应的心理健康管理方法。     

The attractiveness fragment—AFLP analysis of local adaptation and sexual selection in a caeliferan grasshopper, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chorthippus biguttulus</Emphasis>

Genetic variability among males is a necessary precondition for the evolution of female choice based on indirect genetic benefits. In addition to mutations and host–parasite cycles, migration of locally adapted individuals offers an explanation for the maintenance of genetic variability. In a previous study, conducting a reciprocal transplant experiment on a grasshopper, Chorthippus biguttulus, we found that environmental conditions significantly influenced not only body condition but also an important trait of male calling song, the amplitude of song. Although not significant, all other analysed physical and courtship song traits and attractiveness were superior in native than in transferred males. Thus, we concluded that local adaptation has a slight but consistent influence on a range of traits in our study populations, including male acoustic attractiveness. In our present study, we scanned male grasshoppers from the same two populations for amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci connected with acoustic attractiveness to conspecific females. We found greater differences in allele frequencies between the two populations, for some loci, than are expected from a balance between drift and gene flow. These loci are potentially connected with locally adapted traits. We examined whether these alleles show the proposed genotype environment interaction by having different associations with attractiveness in the two populations. One locus was significantly related to sexual attractiveness; however, this was independent of the males’ population affiliation. Future research on the evolution of female choice will benefit from knowledge of the underlying genetic architecture of male traits under intraspecific sexual selection, and the ‘population genomics’ approach can be a powerful tool for revealing this structure.     

Safety-based process plant layout using genetic algorithm

This paper presents a method based on a genetic algorithm for optimizing process plant layout. The relative location of main process units is determined to minimize an annual cost function including the cost of material transfer between process units (piping and pumping costs), land cost, and the expected annual loss resulting from damage to each secondary unit caused by primary accidents occurring in nearby process units. This method is an improvement over previous attempts using genetic algorithms or mathematical programming techniques to optimize plant layout, which neglected pumping costs and included safety issues by evaluating the infringement of predefined safety distances only. In this approach the operating cost of material transfer is included and the likelihood of accidents is taken into account thus providing good practical solutions to the plant layout problem incorporating more realistic cost functions and constraints. In the paper, after discussing the structure of the annual cost function and describing the working logic of the layout generating algorithm, a case study is described to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.