SWOT分析法在城市环境规划中的应用——以安庆市为例

基于优势、劣势、机会、威胁的SWOT分析法能将内部条件和外部环境结合,运用于城市环境规划。文章采用模糊综合评判法、矩阵分析法、价值工程、四半维平面坐标、强度梯度等数学方法,构建了适合于城市环境规划的SWOT定量模型,并以安庆市为例,引入该模型对城市环境规划进行指导,找出安庆市环境规划的发展方向和相应对策,为该市可持续发展提供理论支持。     

冠状病毒的siRNA设计

用自己编写的siRNA查找设计的程序sRNAFinder，对来自GenBank的7个冠状病毒全基因组序列进行了siRNA的查找，并分析了各自的分布情况。结果表明，ORF1ab、S、E、M和N这5个主要基因中，候选siRNA占全基因组中所有候选siRNA的比例达到90％以上，根据基因组结构特征，对SAILS—CoV进行的siRNA分布分析表明，在全部449个候选siRNA中，有443个分布于orf1ab中，与基于RNAi原理的抗病毒药物设计思想相吻合。表8参15。     

西部地区生态退耕的"效益问题"及其评价方法探讨

在剖析了西部地区退耕还林还草生态效益、经济效益和社会效益内涵的基础上．指出退耕还林还草项目首先追求的是较好的生态效益，并在此前提下要求尽量做到社会效益和经济效益的协调统一。目前评价退耕效益可采用以下两种思路：生态效益经济价值化法与综合评价法。生态效益经济价值化，可以从国民经济的角度考察退耕还林还草的投资成本和获得的情况，为国家制定宏观政策提供客观依据。按照综合评价法获得的结果，则能为退耕前选择退耕预案、退耕过程中及时发现问题和调整政策以及退耕后进行实施成效评价提供参考。     

Older driver training programs: A systematic review of evidence aimed at improving behind-the-wheel performance

IntroductionAge- and health-related changes, alongside declines in driving confidence and on-road exposure, have been implicated in crashes involving older drivers. Interventions aimed at improving behind-the-wheel behavior are diverse and their associated impact remains unclear. This systematic review examined evidence on older driver training with respect to (1) road safety knowledge; (2) self-perceived changes in driving abilities; and (3) behind-the-wheel performance. Method Nine databases were searched for English-language articles describing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs of driver training interventions aimed at those aged 55+ who did not have medical or other impairments that precluded licensure. Quality appraisals were conducted using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias Tool (RoB) and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies – of Interventions tool (ROBINS – I). [PROSPERO; registration no. CRD42018087366]. Results Twenty-five RCTs and eight non-RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Interventions varied in their design and delivery where classroom-based education, or a combination of classroom-based education with on-road feedback, improved road safety knowledge. Training tailored to individual participants was found to improve self-perceived and behind-the-wheel outcomes, including crashes. Conclusions Interventions comprised of tailored training can improve knowledge of road safety, changes to self-perception of driving abilities, and improved behind-the-wheel performance of older drivers. Future research should compare modes of training delivery for this driver population to determine the optimal combinations of off- and/or on-road training. Practical applications Training programs aimed at older drivers should be supported by theory and research evidence. By conducting comparative trials with a sufficient sample size alongside well-defined outcomes that are designed in accordance with reporting guidelines, the most effective approaches for training older drivers will be identified.     

基于全生命周期的海洋油气项目集风险管理

为了强化海洋油气项目集的风险管理,以海洋油气田固定区块开发为范围,基于甲方油气田单位和乙方服务单位立场,对项目集进行全生命周期的风险管理;将海洋油气项目集生命周期划分为6个阶段;提出了滚动风险管理模式,给出各阶段风险分解结构和风险应对策略;以时间、成本、质量为控制要素,建立项目整体风险动态评估方法。研究结果表明:通过生命周期6个阶段和整体2级动态迭代风险控制,能更早发现项目集各级过程风险,有助于避免或降低风险事故带来的损失,更有效地保障项目集收益和组织战略实现,可为我国海上油气田开发风险管理提供新参考。     

The Effectiveness of a “Break Experiment” from a Long-Term Perspective

The study reports the results of a follow-up evaluation, conducted in 1994, of the impact of a training program for female unskilled metal workers that was implemented at the end of the 1970s. The program was designed to promote occupational skills development, and was first evaluated in 1979. On both occasions of evaluation the investment in training was examined from two perspectives, those of the training participants and management. Data were collected through semistructured personal interviews with key members of personnel management and through a group conversation session with a majority of the original course attendees. Supplementary background information was obtained from documents and records maintained by the organization. At some points, there was a convergence of views on the significance of the training program for occupational skills development, at others a divergence. These convergences and divergences are finally discussed and the findings of the study are related to other research on this particular kind of intervention.     

Modeling Hydraulic and Thermal Electricity Production Based on Genetic Algorithm-Time Series (GATS)

Abstract

This study deals with the estimation of electricity production from hydraulic and thermal sources using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) with time series (TS) approach. Two forms of the mathematical models are developed, of which one is exponential and the second is polynomial. The power form of the Genetic Algorithm-Time Series (GATS) model is used for the thermal electricity production. The polynomial form of the GATS is used for the electricity production from the hydraulic sources. The GATS weighting parameters are obtained by minimizing the Sum of Squared Error (SSE) between observed and estimated electricity production from both sources. Therefore, the fitness function adapted is the minimization of the SSE for use in the GA process. The application of the GATS model is correspondingly presented. Some future scenarios are made to increase the electricity production from hydraulic sources. Variations of the electricity production from thermal and hydraulic energy sources are analyzed. Future prospects of electricity production are dealt with in terms of policy changes. The GATS models are used for making scenarios for future electricity planning policy. Results also show if current trend continues, the thermal electricity production amounts to 75% of the total electricity production, which is undesirable for environmental concerns. Results also shows that if new policy is to move from the thermal to hydraulic electricity production, the hydraulic sources will meet the demand until 2020.     

生态红线管控绩效考核技术方案及制度保障研究

基于生态红线管控绩效考核必要性的分析,在尽可能规避目前我国环境绩效考核诸多弊端的前提下,制定了生态红线绩效考核框架及技术方案：从绩效考核主体、客体、考核内容与考核方法等方面完成了生态红线绩效考核框架的构建,确定了考核指标、计量模型和考核标准,并详细探讨了考核程序、考核成果的管理与应用等问题。研究旨在为地方政府实施生态红线管控绩效考核提供支撑。     

ASD-ICP-AES联用快速测定土壤中部分重金属

采用样品全自动消解系统(Automated Sample Digestion)对土壤样品进行前处理,采用ICP-AES对土样中的重金属元素一次性测定.通过优化实验,获得土壤中各种重金属的最佳消解条件.结果表明,经优化的消解程序A1能够快速、稳定消解土壤样品,并获得理想测试结果.经检验,ASD-ICP-AES联用的土样测...     

基于瓦斯涌出量预测的近距离煤层群开采顺序优化选择

随着中厚煤层资源的枯竭,近距离薄煤层群开采成为我国资源的重要补充。煤层群开采时合理的采掘部署是防止工作面瓦斯集中涌出的关键,本文通过分析近距离煤层群开采时各回采顺序下工作面瓦斯涌出量,建立了以工作面瓦斯涌出量预测为基础的近距离煤层群开采优化模型,利用计算机编程实现了模型的可视化操作。该模型通过对比分析全部种回采顺序方案,选择整个回采期间瓦斯涌出量最均衡的方案为最优方案。对翔升煤矿进行了实例分析,结果显示合理的回采方案可以使工作面最大瓦斯涌出量大大减小,使整个回采期间工作面瓦斯涌出量趋于均衡。为煤层群开采优化技术中的瓦斯环节提供了理论依据。