环境规划与城市总体规划比较分析

环境规划与城市总体规划是相互联系和渗透,同时又各有侧重,具有相对独立性的两种规划.城市总体规划的研究对象是一定时期的某城市,而环境规划则是针对“社会-经济-环境“这一大的复合生态系统;城市总体规划具有城市建设发展纲领的性质,而环境规划则更侧重于污染防治和生态保护与建设;从与可持续发展的关系来说,环境规划更侧重环境保护的重要意义,而城市总体规划则是城市建设发展的蓝图,对城市经济、社会和人口、资源、环境等都具有指导和控制作用,涉及面更广.另外,两种规划的编制、审批和管理单位也不同.     

Has long-term metal exposure induced changes in life history traits and genetic diversity of the enchytraeid worm Cognettia sphagnetorum (Vejd.)?

We studied whether long-term metal exposure has affected life history traits, population growth patterns and genetic diversity of the asexual enchytraeid worm Cognettia sphagnetorum (Vejd.). Enchytraeids from metal contaminated and uncontaminated forest soil were compared by growing them individually in the laboratory and by following their population development in patchily Cu contaminated microcosms. Genetic differences between the two native populations were studied using allozyme electrophoresis. Individuals from the contaminated site had slower growth rate and they produced fewer fragments of larger size when compared to individuals from the uncontaminated site. In patchily Cu contaminated microcosms, C. sphagnetorum from the contaminated site had a slower population growth rate. Most alleles were shared by the two native populations, but there was greater diversity and more unique genotypes in the population living in the uncontaminated site. Overall, long-term exposure to metals has induced only slight changes in life history properties and clonal diversity of C. sphagnetorum.     

水环境质量评价的投影寻踪模型及其应用

将投影寻踪分类模型应用于水环境质量综合评价中,利用基于实码的加速遗传算法来优化投影方向,将多维数据指标转换成低维子空间,通过寻求最优投影方向来计算投影函数值,从而根据投影值的大小进行水环境质量评价。结合实例进行了应用,结果较令人满意,为水环境质量评价提供了一条新的方法和途径。     

基因工程菌E.coli BL21-NiCoT吸附镍的性能研究

以表达Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538镍钴转运酶NiCoT基因的基因工程菌E.coli BL21-NiCoT作为生物吸附剂处理含镍废水.结果表明:基因工程菌在pH为4～9时有比较好的吸附效果,30 min就达到了吸附平衡;基因工程菌对Ni2 的富集容量比原始宿主菌有很大的提高,最大平衡富集量从3.76 mg/g增加到11.33 mg/g,增幅达3倍多,溶液中Ni2 的最大去除率也从原来的35.62%增加到91.23%;Cu2 、Cr6 、Zn2 等的存在对吸附没有很大的影响.镍进入细胞内后与羟基和酰胺基团发生结合,蛋白类物质和含羟基类物质在细胞内富集镍的过程中起到重要作用;基因工程菌转接10、20、30、40、50次,重组质粒保持良好的结构稳定性,基因工程菌对镍的富集能力也具有较好的稳定性.     

不同剖面层次土壤磷素运移研究

以陕西杨凌地区塿土为研究对象,通过饱和稳定流土柱运移试验,测定磷酸盐(H_2PO_4~-)在不同层次土壤中的运移穿透曲线(BTC),应用CDE模型、CXTFIT软件程序对其实测穿透曲线(BTC)进行拟合求其运移参数,研究其运移规律。结果表明,磷酸盐在塿土中的运移受到土壤的强烈阻滞作用,随着CaCO_3含量增加,磷酸盐运移所受的阻滞作用增大。磷酸盐在塿土不同剖面层次中运移所受阻滞作用大小与CaCO_3含量呈极显著的正相关,r=0.9791;而与粘粒含量且成极显著的负相关、r=0.9318。磷酸盐在塿土不同土层运移所受阻滞作用大小顺序为:钙积层>堆垫表层>粘化层,其阻滞因子R值分别为:11.80～13.00,5.20～7.00,3.90～5.00。     

Seasonal change detection of riparian zones with remote sensing images and genetic programming in a semi-arid watershed

Riparian zones are deemed significant due to their interception capability of non-point source impacts and the maintenance of ecosystem integrity region wide. To improve classification and change detection of riparian buffers, this paper developed an evolutionary computational, supervised classification method--the RIparian Classification Algorithm (RICAL)--to conduct the seasonal change detection of riparian zones in a vast semi-arid watershed, South Texas. RICAL uniquely demonstrates an integrative effort to incorporate both vegetation indices and soil moisture images derived from LANDSAT 5 TM and RADARSAT-1 satellite images, respectively. First, an estimation of soil moisture based on RADARSAT-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images was conducted via the first-stage genetic programming (GP) practice. Second, for the statistical analyses and image classification, eight vegetation indices were prepared based on reflectance factors that were calculated as the response of the instrument on LANDSAT. These spectral vegetation indices were then independently used for discriminate analysis along with soil moisture images to classify the riparian zones via the second-stage GP practice. The practical implementation was assessed by a case study in the Choke Canyon Reservoir Watershed (CCRW), South Texas, which is mostly agricultural and range land in a semi-arid coastal environment. To enhance the application potential, a combination of Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Techniques (ISODATA) and maximum likelihood supervised classification was also performed for spectral discrimination and classification of riparian varieties comparatively. Research findings show that the RICAL algorithm may yield around 90% accuracy based on the unseen ground data. But using different vegetation indices would not significantly improve the final quality of the spectral discrimination and classification. Such practices may lead to the formulation of more effective management strategies for the handling of non-point source pollution, bird habitat monitoring, and grazing and live stock management in the future.     

A dual-interval fixed-mix stochastic programming method for water resources management under uncertainty

In this study, a dual-interval fixed-mix stochastic programming (DFSP) method is developed for planning water resources management systems under uncertainty. DFSP incorporates interval-parameter programming (IPP) and fuzzy vertex analysis (FVA) within a fixed-mix stochastic programming (FSP) framework to address uncertain parameters described as probability distributions and dual intervals. It can also be used for analyzing various policy scenarios that are associated with different levels of economic consequences since penalties are exercised with recourse actions against any infeasibility. A real case for water resources management planning of Zhangweinan River Basin in China is then conducted for demonstrating the applicability of the developed DFSP method. Solutions in association with α-cut levels are generated by solving a set of deterministic submodels, which are useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under compound uncertainties. The results can help to identify desired water-allocation schemes for local sustainable development that the prerequisite water demand can be guaranteed when the available water resource is scarce.     

近震参数处理程序的研究与应用

根据安徽省地震局规定使用的表面震源《走时表》 ,按其精度要求 ,把震中距分成三个距离段进行程序设计。在数据处理上 ,对 4 6°以内的数据 ,为保证精度 (0误差 ) ,采用数据检索方式 ;而对 4 6°～ 13 5°之间的数据 ,在保证精度的前提下 ,先进行线性拟合 ,解出一系列关于Δ的函数方程 ,再进行程序编制 ,在实际使用中发挥了较好的作用。