模糊线性规划在灾害对策中的应用

本文把模糊线性规划方法引入灾害对策的研究当中。着重讨论了疏散人口和疏散地点间的关系,简单介绍了模糊疏散距离及其初步确定方法。     

低成本高效慢速烤燃试验方法研究

目的研究低成本高效慢速烤燃试验方法。方法利用自主研发的一套慢速烤燃试验装置,以1℃/min和3.3℃/h升温程序作为对比试验,设置几种三阶段升温程序,对JBO-9013和JH-14炸药进行慢速烤燃试验,以此获得不同升温程序下试样的响应温度和响应等级。结果 1℃/min、3.3℃/h、三阶段(100/150/193℃)升温程序下,JBO-9013响应温度分别为243.1、199.5、199.8、201.4、193.0℃,响应等级均为燃烧反应;JH-14响应温度分别为211.0、186.0、191.7℃,响应等级均为爆轰反应。结论升温程序对JBO-9013和JH-14响应温度和响应剧烈程度均有影响。与GJB8018—2013中1℃/min升温程序相比,三阶段升温程序与MIL-STD-2105D和STANAG 4439中3.3℃/h烤燃试验结果吻合度较高。因此,三阶段升温程序具有缩短试验周期、提高试验效率和降低试验成本的作用。     

关于计划生育法制建设的思考

社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善，给计划生育工作带来了一系列的新情况、新问题。因此，把计划生育工作纳入法制的轨道显得尤为重要。本文分析了我国计划生育工作靠行政约束的局限性；总结了市场经济体制下，计划生育工作面临的新特点；阐述了加强计划生育法制建设的紧迫性和可行性；并提出了计划生育立法的基本思路     

Identifying best practices states in motorcycle rider education and licensing

PROBLEM: After decreasing to a historic low in 1997, motorcycle crash-related fatalities are increasing. Although causes remain unclear, motorcycle rider education and licensing play key roles in reducing motorcycle crashes and injuries. Yet, little is known about what constitutes effective rider training and licensing. This study develops a model of best practices in motorcycle rider education and licensing and combines primary and secondary data to identify states that most closely adhere to this model. Evidence on the validity of the model is also examined. METHOD: States were rated along three areas of best practices: (a) program administration; (b) rider education; and (c) licensing based on 2001 data collected for a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)-sponsored study. RESULTS: Results indicate wide variation in states' adherence to best practices; several states meet most, others very few. When the areas of best practices are considered separately, a state tends to behave similarly on all three. Initial evidence supports the validity of the model, with high best practices states having the lowest rates of motorcycle fatalities. IMPACT ON TRAFFIC SAFETY: As motorcycle-related crashes increase and state and federal support for rider education programs diminishes, it is critical that states identify deficiencies in their program and learn from successful states about efficient, cost-effective strategies for increasing best practices in motorcycle rider education and licensing.     

基于煤矿安全生产标准化的双控机制APP系统研究

针对我国煤矿安全生产标准化工作中数据采集的时效性差、数据录入工作量繁琐、数据汇总分析不明确的问题,利用易安卓编程语言与SQLite数据库技术,采用瀑布生命周期模型的软件开发方法,以《煤矿安全生产标准化考核定级办法》中双控机制的基本内容为依据,设计包括个人信息管理、法律知识库检索、安全风险分级管控、事故隐患排查治理、数据可视化分析、其他6大功能模块的APP系统。结果表明:该系统可提供适合相关管理人员使用的可视化界面,减少了复杂繁琐的工作量,为标准化工作的定点巡检与数据的完整性提供了良好的技术支持,也为非煤矿山、冶金、石油化工等行业的标准化工作实现信息化管理提供了较好的应用模式。     

VB程序实现微量元素相关比值的计算

微量元素的相关比值在许多领域都有不同的作用,随着研究工作的日益精细,数据越来越多,使得不少学者要把大量时间花在数据的整理和计算上,既不利于准确的统计,又浪费了时间.在探讨、实现了地壳中微量元素的相关比值的VB程序,使得在运用这些比值时方便、准确、省时,为研究工作减少许多不必要的麻烦.     

A molecular genetic analysis of social structure, dispersal, and interpack relationships of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus )

The African wild dog is a highly social, pack-living predator of the African woodland and savannah. The archetypal wild dog pack consists of a single dominant breeding pair, their offspring, and non-breeding adults who are either offspring or siblings of one of the breeding pair. Non-breeding adults cooperate in hunting, provisioning and the protection of young. From these observations follows the prediction that the genetic structure of wild dogs packs should resemble that of a multigenerational family, with all same-sexed adults and offspring within a pack related as sibs or half-sibs. Additionally, a higher kinship between females from neighboring packs should be evident if females tend to have small dispersal distances relative to males. We test these predictions through analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and 14 microsatellite loci in nine wild dog packs from Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa. We show that as predicted, African wild dog packs generally consist of an unrelated alpha male and female, subdominant close relatives, and offspring of the breeding pair. Sub-dominant wild dogs occasionally reproduce but their offspring rarely survive to 1 year of age. Relatedness influences the timing and location of dispersal events as dispersal events frequently coincide with a change in pack dominance hierarchy and dispersers often move to areas with a high proportion of close relatives. Received: 22 February 1996 / Accepted after revision: 16 November 1996     

Do dominants have higher heterozygosity? Social status and genetic variation in brown trout, Salmo trutta

A key question of evolutionary importance is what factors influence who becomes dominant. Individual genetic variation has been found to be associated with several fitness traits, including behaviour. Could it also be a factor influencing social dominance? We investigated the association between social status and the amount of intra-individual genetic variation in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). Genetic variation was estimated using 12 microsatellite loci. Dominant individuals had higher mean heterozygosity than subordinates in populations with the longest hatchery background. Heterozygosity–heterozygosity correlations did not find any evidence of inbreeding; however, single-locus analysis revealed four loci that each individually differed significantly between dominant and subordinate fish, thus giving more support to local than general effect as the mechanism behind the observed association between genetic diversity and a fitness-associated trait. We did not find any significant relation between mean d ² and social status, or internal relatedness and social status. Our results suggest that individual genetic variation can influence dominance relations, but manifestation of this phenomenon may depend on the genetic background of the population.     

River water quality management model using genetic algorithm

Conventional mathematical programming methods, such as linear programming, non linear programming, dynamic programming and integer programming have been used to solve the cost optimization problem for regional wastewater treatment systems. In this study, a river water quality management model was developed through the integration of a genetic algorithm (GA). This model was applied to a river system contaminated by three determined discharge sources to achieve the water quality goals and wastewater treatment cost optimization in the river basin. The genetic algorithm solution, described the treatment plant efficiency, such that the cost of wastewater treatment for the entire river basin is minimized while the water quality constraints in each reach are satisfied. This study showed that genetic algorithm can be applied for river water quality modeling studies as an alternative to the present methods.